生物控制溶液(大型生物,微生物,天然物质,化学信息素)被认为是常规植物保护产品(PPPs)的潜在替代品,因为它们对生态系统和人类健康的影响较小。然而,为了确保生物防治解决方案的可持续性,有必要记录其使用的意外影响。因此,这项工作的目的是审查(1)可用的生物控制解决方案及其监管,(2)对环境的污染(土壤、水,空气)通过生物控制解决方案,(3)生物防治溶液在环境中的命运,(4)它们对生物多样性的生态毒理学影响,(5)与常规PPP相比,生物防治解决方案的影响。很少有研究涉及环境中生物防治溶液的存在,他们的命运,以及它们对生物多样性的影响。对于使用时间最长的生物,发现了最重要的结果,通常是从它们与其他生物控制剂相互作用的角度来看。然而,与传统的PPP相比,在生物控制中使用活生物体(微生物和大型生物)带来了特定的维度,因为它们可以存活,乘法,移动,殖民其他环境。对监管的质疑源于生物体使用的这一特定维度。关于天然物质,现有的少数结果表明,虽然它们中的大多数具有低生态毒性,其他药物的毒性相当于或大于常规PPPs的毒性。关于化学信息素几乎没有结果。事实证明,对生物防治溶液的意外影响的了解非常不完整。研究仍然需要确保其可持续性。
Biocontrol solutions (macroorganisms, microorganisms, natural substances, semiochemicals) are presented as potential alternatives to conventional plant protection products (PPPs) because they are supposed to have lower impacts on ecosystems and human health. However, to ensure the sustainability of biocontrol solutions, it is necessary to document the unintended effects of their use. Thus, the objectives of this work were to
review (1) the available biocontrol solutions and their regulation, (2) the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air) by biocontrol solutions, (3) the fate of biocontrol solutions in the environment, (4) their ecotoxicological impacts on biodiversity, and (5) the impacts of biocontrol solutions compared to those of conventional PPPs. Very few studies concern the presence of biocontrol solutions in the environment, their fate, and their impacts on biodiversity. The most important number of results were found for the organisms that have been used the longest, and most often from the angle of their interactions with other biocontrol agents. However, the use of living organisms (microorganisms and macroorganisms) in biocontrol brings a specific dimension compared to conventional PPPs because they can survive, multiply, move, and colonize other environments. The questioning of regulation stems from this specific dimension of the use of living organisms. Concerning natural substances, the few existing results indicate that while most of them have low ecotoxicity, others have a toxicity equivalent to or greater than that of the conventional PPPs. There are almost no result regarding semiochemicals. Knowledge of the unintended effects of biocontrol solutions has proved to be very incomplete. Research remains necessary to ensure their sustainability.