Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, the rapid development of various bronchoscopic navigation techniques has provided conditions for the minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of peripheral pulmonary nodules through the airway.Augmented reality optical lung navigation is a new technology that combined virtual bronchoscopy navigation (VBN) with augmented reality (AR) and optical navigation technology, which could assist bronchoscopist and has been widely applied in clinics. The clinical evidence certified that the navigation, has the advantages of safety and efficacy in guiding transbronchial diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pulmonary nodules. In order to standardize the clinical operation of augmented reality optical lung navigation technology and guide its application in clinical practice, Interventional Group, Society of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Medical Association/Interventional Pulmonology Group of the Zhejiang Medical Association organized multidisciplinary experts to take the lead in formulating the Consensus of experts on transbronchial diagnosis, localization and treatment of peripheral pulmonary nodules guided by the augmented reality optical lung navigation after multiple rounds of discussion, and provided recommendation opinions and clinical guidance for the indications and contraindications, equipment and devices, perioperative treatment, operating process and complication management of peripheral pulmonary nodules applicable to augmented reality optical lung diagnosis navigation technology.
肺癌是全世界第二大常见、死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。近年来，各种支气管镜导航技术的快速发展，为早期肺癌筛查提供了有力手段，也为肺外周结节经气道的微创诊断及治疗提供了条件。增强现实光学全肺诊疗导航是在虚拟导航支气管镜（VBN）的基础上，融入增强现实和光学导航技术，以辅助支气管镜检查的新技术，是临床应用最为广泛的导航技术之一。现有众多临床证据显示该技术在引导支气管镜下肺外周结节诊断、定位和治疗方面均具有良好的安全性和有效性。为规范增强现实光学全肺诊疗导航技术的临床操作，指导其在临床实践中的应用，中华医学会呼吸病学分会介入学组与浙江省医学会呼吸病学分会介入学组组织多学科专家经过多轮的研讨，牵头制订了《增强现实光学全肺诊疗导航引导下肺外周结节诊断、定位及治疗专家共识》，针对增强现实光学全肺诊疗导航技术适用的肺外周结节诊断、定位和治疗的适应证和禁忌证、设备和器械、围手术期处置、操作流程及并发症管理等方面提供了推荐意见和临床指导。.

Efficient movements require intact motor and cognitive function. There is a growing literature on motor-cognitive interventions to improve the overall quality of life of healthy or diseased older people. For such interventions, novel technological advances are crucial not only in terms of motivation but also to improve the user experience in a multi-stimuli world, usually offered as a mixture of real and virtual environments. This article provides a classification system for movement-related research dealing with motor-cognitive interventions performed in different extents of a virtual environment. The classification is divided into three categories: (a) type of digital device with the associated degree of immersiveness provided; (b) presence or absence of a human-computer interaction; and (c) activity engagement during training, defined by activity >1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of task. Since virtual reality (VR) often categorizes different technologies under the same term, we propose a taxonomy of digital devices ranging from computer monitors and projectors to head-mounted VR technology. All immersive technologies that have developed rapidly in recent years are grouped under the umbrella term Extended Reality (XR). These include augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and VR, as well as all technologies that have yet to be developed. This technology has potential not only for gaming and entertainment, but also for research, motor-cognitive training programs, rehabilitation, telemedicine, etc. This position paper provides definitions, recommendations, and guidelines for future movement-related interventions based on digital devices, human-computer interactions, and physical engagement to use terms more consistently and contribute to a clearer understanding of their implications.

Digital medicine has gone through more than 20 years in China. Digital intelligent technologies such as virtual reality,augmented reality and mixed reality have been gradually promoted and applied in clinical practice,constantly affecting and changing the transformation from traditional surgical methods to digital intelligent surgery,thus bringing a new era of digital intelligent surgery. Branch of Hepatic Surgery, Chinese Society of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, and Digital Medical Association of Chinese Medical Association,et al, organized domestic experts in this field to formulate this expert consensus,which detailed the principle,process,and key points of augmented and mixed reality guided hepatectomy,so as to better standardize and promote the clinical application of this technology.
数字医学在我国已走过20余年历程，虚拟现实、增强与混合现实等数字智能化技术逐步在临床得到了推广和应用，使传统手术方式逐步向数字智能化手术转变，由此带来了数字智能化外科的新时代。由中华医学会外科学分会肝脏外科学组、中华医学会数字医学分会等，组织国内从事该领域的专家制定了本共识，详细地介绍了增强与混合现实导航肝切除术的原理、流程及关键要点，以更好地规范和推广该技术在临床的应用。.

BACKGROUND: The Newborn Life Support (NLS) guideline aims to provide healthcare professionals a consistent approach during neonatal resuscitation. Adherence to this and analogous guidelines has repetitively been proven to be difficult.This study evaluates adherence to guideline using a novel augmented reality (Microsoft HoloLens) electronic decision support tool during standardized simulated neonatal resuscitation compared with subjects working from memory alone.
METHODS: In this randomized controlled pilot study, 18 professionals responsible for neonatal resuscitation were randomized to the intervention group and 11 to the control group. Demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. A standardized neonatal resuscitation scenario was performed, which was recorded and later assessed for adherence to the NLS algorithm by 2 independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes were error classification in case of algorithm deviation and time to the execution or completion of critical steps in the algorithm to determine delay.
RESULTS: Median (interquartile range) scores of a theoretical maximum of 40 in the intervention group were 34 (32.5-35.5) versus 29 (27-33) in the control group ( P = 0.004). Errors of commission were committed less frequently with the electronic decision support tool 2 (1-2.5) compared with 4 (2-4) in the control group ( P = 0.029). Analysis of time to initiation or completion of key steps in the NLS algorithm showed no significant differences between both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals using an electronic decision support tool showed improved adherence to the NLS guideline during simulated neonatal resuscitation.

The use of new technologies for intervention in developmental dyslexia is steadily growing. In order to better understand the needs, the expectations, and the attitudes of Italian expert health professionals concerning such technologies, a national survey was conducted applying the Delphi methodology. Ad-hoc questionnaires were sent out to a group of eighteen experts over three successive rounds, and anonymously collected responses were aggregated and shared with the group after each round, aiming to reach a consensus on the proposed response. The goal was to define a series of statements that could form the basis for international \"good practices\" in the use of technologies for intervention to support dyslexia in children and adolescents. In the first round, the experts\' general opinions were collected with both multiple choice and open questions, and in the second round consensus was assessed on a series of statements based on the first replies. The cut-off of 75% consensus on each statement was reached after three rounds. Fifteen experts completed all the rounds of the process, and a final version of the statements regarding good practice in the use of technologies for dyslexia could be defined.

Guidelines provide instructions for diagnostics and therapy in modern medicine. Various mobile devices are used to represent the potential complex decision trees. An example of time-critical decisions is triage in case of a mass casualty incident.
In this randomized controlled crossover study, the potential of augmented reality for guideline presentation was evaluated and compared with the guideline presentation provided in a tablet PC as a conventional device.
A specific Android app was designed for use with smart glasses and a tablet PC for the presentation of a triage algorithm as an example for a complex guideline. Forty volunteers simulated a triage based on 30 fictional patient descriptions, each with technical support from smart glasses and a tablet PC in a crossover trial design. The time to come to a decision and the accuracy were recorded and compared between both devices.
A total of 2400 assessments were performed by the 40 volunteers. A significantly faster time to triage was achieved in total with the tablet PC (median 12.8 seconds, IQR 9.4-17.7; 95% CI 14.1-14.9) compared to that to triage with smart glasses (median 17.5 seconds, IQR 13.2-22.8, 95% CI 18.4-19.2; P=.001). Considering the difference in the triage time between both devices, the additional time needed with the smart glasses could be reduced significantly in the course of assessments (21.5 seconds, IQR 16.5-27.3, 95% CI 21.6-23.2) in the first run, 17.4 seconds (IQR 13-22.4, 95% CI 17.6-18.9) in the second run, and 14.9 seconds (IQR 11.7-18.6, 95% CI 15.2-16.3) in the third run (P=.001). With regard to the accuracy of the guideline decisions, there was no significant difference between both the devices.
The presentation of a guideline on a tablet PC as well as through augmented reality achieved good results. The implementation with smart glasses took more time owing to their more complex operating concept but could be accelerated in the course of the study after adaptation. Especially in a non-time-critical working area where hands-free interfaces are useful, a guideline presentation with augmented reality can be of great use during clinical management.