目的:深入了解制定健康和护理政策的过程,以及研究人员和护理领导者如何影响这一过程。
背景:护士照顾人从出生到死亡的整个生命过程,在我们的社区,医院,养老院和学校。他们对人们如何生活以及这如何影响他们的健康有独特的见解。尽管在影响卫生政策方面处于有利地位,护士往往无法利用这一点。同时,学者们常常难以确定他们研究的政策含义,从而进一步错失了利用政策影响力的机会。
方法:古典政策理论,主要来自经济学和公共管理以及一系列当代护理和卫生政策研究,本文用于讨论政策过程和机会的影响。
结论:研究人员需要关注旨在提高认识的现实政策建议,突出政策问题或设定议程。反过来,护理领导者,来自国家护理协会,需要利用证据来支持他们影响政策的努力。在影响力方面,存在一系列方法,每个都适用于政策周期的不同部分。
结论:在许多国家,护士在卫生政策中所扮演的角色并不完善。护理研究人员和领导者完全有能力影响政策,但必须以明确和务实的方式做到这一点,认识到决策者尽管面临着相互矛盾的证据,仍做出决定。相互竞争的需求和经济需要。
结论:认识到护士可以在政策制定方面提供很多服务,本文认为,基于不同阶段不同影响形式的务实方法可能是最成功的。
结论:本文回顾的证据表明,护理学者和领导者在检查自己的实证工作或确定个人或集体影响决策者的方式时,需要确定现实的政策干预措施。
OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into the process of developing health and nursing policy and how that process can be influenced by both researchers and nursing leaders.
BACKGROUND: Nurses care for people across the life course from birth to death, in our communities, hospitals, care homes and schools. They have unique insight into how people live their lives and how this affects their health. Despite being well placed to influence health policy, nurses often fail to capitalise on this. At the same time, academics often struggle to identify the policy implications of their research resulting in further missed opportunities to use policy influence.
METHODS: Classical policy theory, which is predominantly drawn from economics and public administration together with a range of contemporary nursing and health policy studies, is used in this paper to discuss the policy process and opportunities to influence.
CONCLUSIONS: Researchers need to focus on realistic policy suggestions that aim to raise awareness, highlight policy problems or set the agenda. In turn, nursing leaders, from National Nursing Associations, need to harness evidence to support their efforts to influence policy. In terms of influence, a range of approaches exist, and each lends itself to different parts of the policy cycle.
CONCLUSIONS: The role nurses can play in health policy is not well developed in many countries. Nursing researchers and leaders are well placed to influence policy but must do so in a clear and pragmatic way recognising that policymakers make decisions despite being faced with conflicting evidence, competing demands and economic imperatives.
CONCLUSIONS: Recognising that nurses can offer much in terms of policy development, the paper argues that a pragmatic approach based on different forms of influence at different stages is likely to be most successful.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that nursing academics and leaders need to identify realistic policy interventions when examining their own empirical work or identifying ways to individually or collectively influence policymakers.