BACKGROUND: Plantar warts, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, are a common skin condition on the plantar surface. Despite the availability of various treatments, achieving satisfactory outcomes remains elusive. This study explores a novel therapeutic approach combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) soaking therapy with cryotherapy to address this challenge.
METHODS: This study focuses on 3 patients who presented with multiple and giant plantar warts, each with a disease duration exceeding 2 years. These patients had undergone numerous unsuccessful cryotherapy treatments, leaving them with persistent and troublesome warts.
METHODS: All 3 patients were diagnosed with multiple and giant plantar warts caused by HPV infection.
METHODS: Following unsuccessful cryotherapies, the patients were administered TCM soaking therapy as an adjunct treatment.
RESULTS: Remarkably, all 3 patients achieved complete remission of their plantar warts within 2 to 4 months after combining cryotherapy with TCM soaking therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that relying solely on cryotherapy is insufficient for effectively treating plantar warts. The key to successful treatment lies in inhibiting wart proliferation and continuously thinning them, which can be achieved through soaking in TCM. This study demonstrates the potential of combining cryotherapy with TCM soaking as a novel and effective therapeutic approach for treating multiple and giant plantar warts.

Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency represents a primary immunodeficiency with a wide range of clinical symptoms, including recurrent infections, atopy, and increased malignancy risk. This study presents a case of a 6-year-old girl with DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by severe, treatment-resistant herpetic infections who was successfully treated with siltuximab and glucocorticoids. The successful use of siltuximab in achieving remission highlights the pivotal role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in DOCK8 deficiency pathogenesis and suggests that IL-6 modulation can be critical in managing DOCK8 deficiency-related viral infections, which may inform future therapeutic strategies for DOCK8 deficiency and similar immunodeficiencies.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination represents a milestone in primary prevention of sexually transmitted infections. However, little is known about its possible effects on already established HPV infections. We report the case of a 9-year-old immunosuppressed girl with refractory warts, successfully treated with the nonavalent-HPV vaccine and review the literature about the therapeutic effects of HPV vaccination on benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In the literature, promising results were shown on cutaneous warts after HPV vaccination, especially in children and young adults, also in immunosuppressed patients, whereas controverse results were found on anogenital warts. These findings suggest a critical need for randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of HPV vaccination in the treatment of benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations.

Warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) are generally treated with cryotherapy, CO2 laser ablation, interferon injections, and bleomycin injections. However, it is sometimes difficult to treat children because the treatment can be painful. In addition, recurrence may occur after treatment. In this study, warts completely disappeared following the administration of herbal medicine in two children, with warts in multiple parts of the hands and around the nails. Two pediatric patients visited the hospital for treatment of warts around their fingers and nails. Both patients received Taeeumjowi-tang (TJT) as a decoction for 60 days. TJT was performed twice per day for the 11-year-old patient and once per day for the 7-year-old patient. Patient progress was observed monthly, and the visual condition of the warts was photographed during the visits. After approximately two months of treatment, the warts disappeared from the fingers and nails of both patients. This case study suggests that the oral administration of TJT may be effective for pediatric patients with warts. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy and safety of these therapies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine variations in allele and genotype frequencies between keratoacanthoma (KA) and common warts (CW), compared with the control group, in three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 genes.
METHODS: This case-control study involved samples from 161 patients with KA, 152 patients with CW, and 469 controls. DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Three SNPs - rs4696480 in TLR2, rs7657186 in TLR9, and rs35213 in TLR3 - were genotyped with TaqMan Genotyping Assays on the 7500 Real-Time PCR System.
RESULTS: TLR2 rs4696480 and TLR3 rs7657186 were significantly overrepresented in KA and CW compared with controls (P<0.001). The association was stronger for CW than for KA, as evidenced by higher frequencies of the A allele and AA genotype for rs4696480. Both KA and CW patients had higher frequencies of the G allele and GG genotype for rs7657186 than controls. rs7657186 was moderately associated with KA and CW, with the G allele and GG genotype being more prevalent in CW cases, where no AA homozygotes were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants in TLR2 (rs4696480) and TLR3 (rs7657186) genes may affect KA and CW development, influencing immune responses and susceptibility to these skin lesions. Further research is required to elucidate TLR expression patterns and their role in KA development.

BACKGROUND: Penile fibropapilloma is a condition caused by bovine papilloma virus and is frequently encountered in young bulls. Penile fibropapillomatosis is thought to be spread through homosexual mounting behaviour. Fibropapillomas of the penis are painful, often bleed and can impede normal intromission. Treatment may range from allowing time for slow, spontaneous regression to surgical resection but recurrence following surgery is reported by some authors.
METHODS: Thirty one bulls that were presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital from March 2017 to March 2023 for surgical resection of penile fibropapillomas were included in this retrospective case series. Twenty-seven of the 31 bulls (87%) were under two years of age. The majority (42%) of bulls presented were Hereford, but Angus, Charolais, Holstein-Friesian and Limousin breeds were also seen. Following examination and diagnosis of penile fibropapilloma, regional anaesthesia (xylazine-procaine epidural and internal pudendal nerve block) and standing surgical intervention (resection and cautery) was performed in each case. Phone call follow-up was performed by one author (EET) in all 31 cases and 2 cases out of the 28 that were contactable showed post-surgical recurrence of penile fibropapillomatosis (i.e., 7.1% recurrence rate).
CONCLUSIONS: This case series summarises the history and presenting findings of 31 bovine penile fibropapilloma cases and describes a regional anaesthetic and standing surgical approach for successful case management.

Plantar wart is one of the most recalcitrant types of cutaneous warts with a high recurrence rate. Recalcitrant plantar warts are resistant to traditional treatments such as cryotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive method utilized to treat benign and malignant skin disorders. Several previous studies have reported the effective application of PDT treatment for plantar warts. We reported three cases of recalcitrant plantar warts successfully treated with PDT.

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UNASSIGNED: Scrotal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are rare malignancies that are not considered to be associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, recent studies have detected HPV in these cancers. We sought to determine the presence of HPV types among scrotal cancer cases identified through population-based cancer registries.
UNASSIGNED: Primary scrotal SCCs diagnosed from 2014 to 2015 were identified, and tissue sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained for laboratory testing. A pathology review was performed to confirm morphology. HPV testing was performed using L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate p16INK4a (p16) expression.
UNASSIGNED: Five cases of scrotal SCC were identified from 1 cancer registry. Age at diagnosis ranged from 34 to 75 years (median, 56 years). Four cases were non-Hispanic White, and 1 was non-Hispanic Black. The morphologic subtype of 4 cases was keratinizing (usual), and 1 case was verrucous (warty) histologic subtype. Two of the usual cases of SCC were HPV-negative and p16-negative, and 2 were positive for HPV16 and p16. The verrucous (warty) SCC subtype case was HPV6-positive and p16-negative.
UNASSIGNED: The presence of HPV16 and p16 overexpression in the examined tissue specimens lends additional support for the role of HPV in the etiology of scrotal SCC.

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