背景:抑郁症是一种常见的心理健康障碍。
目的:本研究的目的是探讨饮食质量与饮食质量之间的关系。以健康饮食指数(HEI-2020)衡量,美国青少年和年轻人的抑郁症状,12-29岁。
方法:研究设计是横截面二次数据分析。
方法:分析了2015-2020年3月全国健康和营养调查(n=4750)中12-29岁青少年和年轻人的首次24小时饮食回忆数据。
结果:抑郁定义为患者健康问卷在前2周内反映中度或重度症状的评分≥10。
方法:计算患有和不患有抑郁症的人的HEI-2020总分(范围0-100)和成分得分。预测的HEI-2020分数是根据线性回归模型估计的,调整年龄,性别,种族和西班牙裔血统,家庭收入,在过去的一年里看到了一名心理健康专业人士。统计分析解释了复杂的样本设计。
结果:青少年中抑郁症的患病率为7.8%(95%置信区间(CI)6.3-9.5%)。在2015年至2020年3月的某一天,HEI-2020总得分为45.9(95%CI45.0-46.7),共100分。在患有抑郁症的年轻人中,HEI-2020总分低于无抑郁症患者(41.7对46.2,p<0.001)。在调整协变量后,差异有所减弱,但仍然显着。在调整后的分析中,与没有抑郁症的人相比,抑郁症患者的HEI-2020成分得分较低:总水果(1.4vs.1.7p=0.03),全果(1.2vs.1.7p<0.01),蔬菜总量(2.1vs.2.6p<0.01),绿豆(0.8vs.1.2p<0.01),和总蛋白质食品(3.6vs.4.0p=0.02),最高得分为5。整个谷物没有观察到统计学上的显着差异,乳制品,海鲜和植物蛋白,脂肪酸,饱和脂肪,精制谷物,钠,或添加糖。
结论:年轻人的总体饮食质量较低。饮食质量,尤其是水果的消费,蔬菜,与没有抑郁症的年轻人相比,患有抑郁症的年轻人的蛋白质食物较低。
BACKGROUND: Depression is a common mental health disorder.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the association between diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), and depression symptoms among
US adolescents and young adults, 12-29 years.
METHODS: The study design was a cross sectional secondary data analysis.
METHODS: Data from the first 24-hour dietary recall for adolescents and young adults 12-29 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-March 2020 (n=4750) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Depression was defined as a score ≥10 from the Patient Health Questionnaire reflecting moderate or severe symptoms in the previous 2 weeks.
METHODS: HEI-2020 total (range 0-100) and component scores were calculated for those with and without depression. Predicted HEI-2020 scores were estimated from linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, family income, and seeing a mental health professional in the past year. Statistical analyses accounted for the complex sample design.
RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults was 7.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3-9.5%). Total HEI-2020 score was 45.9 (95% CI 45.0-46.7) out of 100 on a given day during 2015-March 2020. Among young people with depression, total HEI-2020 score was lower than among those without depression (41.7 versus 46.2, p<0.001). After adjustment for covariates, the difference was attenuated but remained significant. In adjusted analyses, HEI-2020 component scores were lower for those with depression compared to those without depression for the adequacy components: Total Fruits (1.4 vs. 1.7 p=0.03), Whole Fruits (1.2 vs. 1.7 p<0.01), Total Vegetables (2.1 vs. 2.6 p<0.01), Greens and Beans (0.8 vs. 1.2 p<0.01), and Total Protein foods (3.6 vs. 4.0 p=0.02) out of maximum scores of 5. There were no statistically significant differences observed for Whole Grains, Dairy, Seafood and Plant Proteins, Fatty Acids, Saturated Fats, Refined Grains, Sodium, or Added Sugars.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall diet quality is low among young people. Diet quality, especially consumption of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods was lower among young people with depression compared to those without depression.