背景:大量文献表明,无论年龄大小,接种COVID-19疫苗对所有个体的健康都至关重要。通过出生对美国样本中疫苗接种状况的研究有限。
目的:我们研究的目的是扩大关于大流行和美国出生期间COVID-19疫苗接种的有限文献,同时考虑通过全国分布调查收集的社会人口统计学和社会经济因素。
方法:对2021年5月至2022年1月在美国进行的116项全面调查进行了描述性分析。COVID-19疫苗接种情况为自我报告。对于没有接种疫苗的参与者,我们问他们是否“根本不可能”,“轻微到中等可能性”,或“非常有可能”接种疫苗。耶稣诞生按出生国分类,即,美国出生或外国出生的。种族和民族被归类为白人,黑人或非裔美国人,亚洲人,美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民,夏威夷或太平洋岛民,非洲,中东,多种族或多民族。其他社会人口统计学和社会经济变量包括性别,性取向,年龄组,家庭年收入,教育程度,和就业状况。
结果:大多数样本,不管耶稣诞生,报告已接种疫苗(3639/5404,67.34%)。美国出生的参与者报告COVID-19疫苗接种比例最高,自我鉴定为白人(1431/2753,51.98%),而在外国出生的参与者中,自我鉴定为西班牙裔/拉丁美洲裔的参与者比例最高(310/886,34.99%)。比较没有接种COVID-19疫苗的美国出生和外国出生的参与者,自我报告的最高比例的社会人口统计学特征在群体之间相似,被确定为女性,异性恋或异性恋,18至35岁,家庭年收入<25000美元,失业或从事非传统工作。在报告没有接种疫苗的32.66%(1765/5404)的参与者中,这些参与者中有45.16%(797/1765)报告说他们根本不可能接种疫苗。当进一步检查未接种疫苗的参与者报告他们在美国出生时接种COVID-19疫苗的可能性时,在美国出生和外国出生的人中,他们根本不可能接种疫苗的比例最高。外国出生的,然而,与美国出生的个体(274/1409,19.45%)相比,他们报告“非常有可能”接种疫苗(112/356,31.46%)的可能性几乎成比例分布。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,有必要进一步探索可能增加疫苗接种可能性的因素,这些因素可以针对服务不足而量身定制,代表性不足,和难以接触的团体。例如,外国出生的人与美国出生的人相比,在报告COVID-19未接种疫苗时,最有可能接种疫苗。我们的研究增加了不断增长的基础,这将进一步加深我们对因素的理解,这些因素可以帮助确定当前COVID-19大流行中疫苗犹豫和疫苗采用的干预点,以及未来的流行病。
背景:
BACKGROUND: Extended literature has demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for the health of all individuals, regardless of age. Research on vaccination status in the United States (
US) among
US-born and non-
US-born residents is limited.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of our
study was to examine COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic among US-born and non-US-born people, while accounting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors gathered through a nationally distributed survey.
METHODS: A descriptive analysis was conducted on a comprehensive 116-item survey distributed between May 2021 and January 2022 across the US by self-reported COVID-19 vaccination and
US/non-
US birth status. For participants that responded that they were not vaccinated, we asked if they were \"not at all likely,\" \"slightly to moderately likely,\" or \"very to extremely likely\" to be vaccinated. Race and ethnicity were categorized as White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, African, Middle Eastern, and multiracial or multiethnic. Additional sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables included gender, sexual orientation, age group, annual household income, educational attainment, and employment status.
RESULTS: The majority of the sample, regardless of whether they were US-born or non-US-born, reported being vaccinated (3639/5404, 67.34%). The US-born participants with the highest proportion of COVID-19 vaccination self-identified as White (1431/2753, 51.98%), while the highest proportion of vaccination among non-US-born participants was found among participants who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino (310/886, 34.99%). Comparing US-born and non-US-born participants showed that among those who were not vaccinated, the highest self-reported sociodemographic characteristics by proportion were similar between the groups, and included identifying as a woman, being straight or heterosexual, being aged 18 to 35 years, having an annual household income <$25,000, and being unemployed or taking part in nontraditional work. Among the 32.66% (1765/5404) of participants that reported not being vaccinated, 45.16% (797/1765) stated that they were not at all likely to seek vaccination. Examining US/non-US birth status and the likelihood to be vaccinated for COVID-19 among nonvaccinated participants revealed that the highest proportions of both US-born and non-US-born participants reported being not at all likely to seek vaccination. Non-US-born participants, however, were almost proportionally distributed in their likelihood to seek vaccination; they reported to be \"very to extremely likely\" to vaccinate (112/356, 31.46%); compared to 19.45% (274/1409) of US-born individuals reporting the same.
CONCLUSIONS: Our
study highlights the need to further explore factors that can increase the likelihood of seeking vaccination among underrepresented and hard-to-reach populations, with a particular focus on tailoring interventions for US-born individuals. For instance, non-US-born individuals were most likely to vaccinate when reporting COVID-19 nonvaccination than
US-born individuals. These findings will aid in identifying points of intervention for vaccine hesitancy and promoting vaccine adoption during current and future pandemics.