Biliary atresia (BA) is a congenital disease that occurs when extrahepatic bile ducts are either absent or deficient, resulting in liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and eventually cirrhosis. It is the most common cause of persistent obstructive jaundice in newborns lasting more than two weeks is this condition. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is the primary imaging technique used to diagnose BA, while computed tomography (CT) is reserved for more complex cases. The gold standard for diagnosing BA is still intraoperative cholangiogram with liver biopsy. Treatment for BA usually involves Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy, but some patients still require liver transplantation due to diagnostic delays and advanced disease. In this study, the authors present the case of a 3-month-old infant with biliary atresia and its ultrasound characteristics, who underwent liver transplantation due to advanced disease. The primary objective of imaging is to provide a prompt diagnosis, given the crucial significance of timely surgical intervention.

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Cystic lesions in the parotid gland are uncommon, constituting around 5% of salivary gland tumors, with epidermoid cysts being a rare subset. This report presents the case of a 14-year-old girl with a slowly growing left parotid mass for 2 years. Radiological assessments, including ultrasound and MRI, revealed a well-defined cystic mass. Surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst, supported by histopathological examination. Epidermoid cysts in the parotid gland are infrequent, often asymptomatic, and their radiological features may overlap with other cystic lesions. This article discusses the clinical presentation, radiological aspects, and differential diagnoses of parotid epidermoid cysts.

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BACKGROUND: Lipoma is a common benign tumor derived from adipose tissue, with an incidence of nearly 10%. It is the most common mesenchymal tumor throughout the body. However, the pathogenesis of lipoma is not clear yet, and the increased incidence is attributable to obesity, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, trauma, radiation, familial predisposition, and chromosome. Primary omental tumor is a rare lipoma occurring in the greater omentum, most of which is reported in the form of clinical case reports. Nevertheless, primary omental tumor is even rarer in children. To date, there have been few reports of clinical cases.
METHODS: We report a rare case of primary omental lipoma in a 6-year-old boy. After an accidental fall, a CT scan found that he had a tumor in the left upper abdomen. He had no history of abdominal pain, abdominal mass, vomiting, etc. The boy was admitted to the hospital within 3 days, and was diagnosed with an intra-abdominal tumor. After admission, abdominal ultrasound and enhanced CT showed a 71 ×40 ×60 mm mass in the left middle abdomen, which was considered a lipoma. There was no abnormality in tumor markers. Through laparoscopic surgery, intraoperative exploration revealed that the tumor was located in the left mid-upper abdomen, and was yellow, solid, soft, and isolated. The intraoperative diagnosis was an omental lipoma. We used an ultrasonic knife to resect the omentum close to the base of the tumor. The tumor was completely resected, put in a retrieval bag and sealed. Finally, the left and right sides of the umbilical incision were extended to take out the tumor tissue. The child received liquid food 6 h after the operation and was discharged 3 days later. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was an omental lipoma. He was seen at follow-up 3 months after discharge and had no complaints, an abnominal ultrasound showed no tumor recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary omental lipoma in children is a rare benign tumor of the omentum. Its etiology and pathology are not clear. US, CT, and MRI can facilitate clinical diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. Laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment, and the prognosis of children is favorable. This case is beneficial to improve the clinical knowledge of pediatric surgeons about this rare disease.

Benign ganglioneuroma contains mature autonomous ganglion cells, including satellite cells and long axonal processes, as well as Schwann cells, which come from neural crest-derived cells that form the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system during embryonic development and is a rare benign tumor which occurs spontaneously and can also occur during radiotherapy or chemotherapy, accounting for 0.72% -1.6% of primary retroperitoneal tumors, commonly found in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum, and affected patients usually have no symptoms due to of its non-functional feature, although several complications can arise if the tumor is large enough to press against adjacent organs.

The current socio-political circumstances in the United States (US), constituted by the increasing visibility of police shootings of Black people, present a compelling moment for analysing how news media report about law enforcement, culpability, and racism. This paper conducts a membership categorization analysis of recent news media reports of police shootings of Black people (May 2020-October 2020) and investigates how news media negotiate culpability of agents involved these shootings. Findings illustrate how news reports (1) use the repeated category formulation \'police shooting of a Black man\' to imply police are culpable for engaging in racist shootings, (2) upgrade culpability of police officers through adding to racial categorization of victims in ways that foreground victims\' moral character (e.g., \'unarmed Black man\'), and (3) highlight racism as an explanation for shootings and culpability of police through using racial categorizations for police officers. Overall, news media reports use racial categories as a resource to construct racism as an explanation for police shootings and to construct police officers and policing institutions as culpable for these shootings. Thus, we highlight how race and racism are constitutive of, and inseparable from, culpability in news media reports.

History of cryptorchidism is present in about 10% of infertile patients seeking medical help, whereas 20% of them are azoospermic. Most of the patients with bilateral cryptorchidism have a low testicular volume and high serum FSH level. Ectopic testes are present only in 5% of the patients with cryptorchidism. The anterior abdominal wall is a rare site for ectopic testis where Spigelian hernia is usually accompanied. We present a case of bilateral ectopic anterior abdominal wall testes associated with Spigelian hernia on the left side.