背景:在世界各地的许多物种中都有报道。在各种野生猫科动物中很少有病例报道。老虎是濒临灭绝的大型猫科动物,受到野生动物保护法的保护,1972年,根据附表I进行了这项研究,以估计马哈拉施特拉邦Vidarbha地区老虎的肝共病阳性率,印度。
方法:在隔离期/死后检查期间,从26只野生捕获的/动物园出生的或死老虎中收集血液(n=21)或组织样本(n=5)。进行了血液涂片检查以及聚合酶链反应(PCR)研究,以检测肝人畜共患病。来自阳性样品的所有扩增子都经过纯化和测序,并对序列进行nBLAST分析以检测肝虫的物种。将序列存入国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)的公共领域数据库,并分配登录号。进行了系统发育研究以了解病原体的进化谱系。对在验尸期间接收的组织样品进行组织分布研究。处理了虎崽的临床病例,并监测了亚临床病例的复发。年龄明智,性别方面,估计了区域和圈养时间的阳性率。使用统计工具分析数据。
结果:共有12只老虎在筛选过程中发现H.felis阳性。诊断并成功治疗了1例临床病例。0-3岁年龄组的阳性率为66.66%,所有发现阳性的病例均在0-7岁年龄段报告。男性报告的阳性率为58.33%,而女性报告35.71%。该州的Taboba和AndhariTigerReserve的阳性率为52.94%。然而,通过t检验和卡方检验对血液参数和阳性率的统计学分析发现无统计学意义.
结论:总体阳性率为46.15%,表明在马哈拉施特拉邦Vidarbha地区的野生老虎中,肝共病分布广泛,印度,考虑到老虎的基因流动和迁徙,这具有重要的战略意义。肝人畜共患病可以在幼年动物中发展到临床结果,需要兽医干预。分子工具和系统发育研究可以补充有关该领域肝虫循环物种的重要数据。关于野生猫科动物感染的临床管理和流行病学的进一步研究将了解野生动物保护的原因。
BACKGROUND: Hepatozoonosis has been reported in many species around the world. Few incidences have been reported in various species of wild felids. Tigers are endangered large cats and are protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 under Schedule I. The study was carried out to estimate the positivity rate of hepatozoonosis in tigers of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India.
METHODS: Blood (n = 21) or tissue samples (n = 5) were collected from 26 wild captured / zoo-born or dead tigers during the quarantine period/post-mortem examination. Blood smear examination along with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) studies were conducted for the detection of hepatozoonosis. All the amplicons from the positive samples were purified and sequenced, and the sequences were subjected to nBLAST analysis to detect the species of Hepatozoon. The sequences were deposited into public domain database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and accession numbers were allotted. A phylogenetic study was undertaken to understand the evolutionary lineage of the pathogen. Tissue distribution studies were carried out on tissue samples received during post mortem. A clinical case in a
tiger cub was managed and sub-clinical cases were monitored for relapse. Age-wise, sex-wise, region-wise and captive time-wise positivity rate was estimated. The data was analyzed using statistical tools.
RESULTS: A total of 12 tigers were found positive for H. felis during the screening. A clinical case was diagnosed and successfully treated. The age group of 0-3 years reported a positivity rate of 66.66%, and all the cases found positive were reported between the age group of 0-7 years. Males reported a positivity rate of 58.33 per cent, while females reported 35.71%. Taboba and Andhari
Tiger Reserve of the state had a positivity rate of 52.94 per cent. However, the statistical analysis for blood parameters and positivity rate by \'t\' test and Chi-squared test were found to be non-significant.
CONCLUSIONS: An overall positivity rate of 46.15% indicates the wide distribution of hepatozoonosis among wild tigers of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India, which is strategically important considering the gene flow and migration of tigers. Hepatozoonosis can progress to clinical outcomes in young animals and require veterinary intervention. Molecular tools and phylogenetic studies can supplement important data on circulating species of Hepatozoon in the field. Further studies on the clinical management and epidemiology of the infection in wild felids will comprehend the cause of wildlife conservation.