背景:由于在高收入国家经历粮食不安全的家庭数量相对较少,大多数研究将严重程度混为一谈,这掩盖了国内和国内的差异。这项研究旨在描述生活在中等或严重粮食不安全的高收入国家的个人的特征,并调查患病率的时间趋势。与粮食安全的人相比,它评估了这些特征。
方法:这是对粮农组织“饥饿之声”在2014-2018年间收集的数据的二次分析。数据是在年度盖洛普世界民意调查中使用食品不安全经验量表对全国代表性样本进行收集的。数据来自34个高度发达,对富裕国家进行了分析。年龄,性别,收入,教育,经历中度/重度粮食不安全(FI)的个人的居住区和家庭结构,和严重的FI,使用方差分析进行比较,韦尔奇的F,皮尔森卡方,和线性逐线性关联,取决于感兴趣的变量。分层聚类分析用于根据国家的中度/重度FI患病率对其进行分组,严重的FI。
结果:总体而言,6.5%的加权样本为中度/重度粮食不安全(M-SFI),而1.6%的人严重粮食不安全。所有34个国家都有M-SFI个人,在所有年份,所有教育水平和收入的五分之一。经历中度/重度FI的个人比例在年份和国家之间有所不同。15个国家的中度/重度FI患病率呈显著下降趋势(p<0.001),而三个国家显示出由65岁或65岁以下人群患病率增加驱动的时间趋势(p<0.001)。比较经历中度和重度FI的个体显示男性的过度代表,重度FI组中的单身成年家庭和较低的家庭收入。
结论:所有收入中的个人,生活在高收入国家的教育和年龄类别正在经历中度/严重的粮食不安全,但在经历更多劣势的人群中患病率更高。在研究期间,一些国家经历了升级,而其他国家则表现出中度/重度FI趋势下降。对具有相似经济和人类发展指数的国家的这种比较突出了调查社会,经济和教育政策可能对粮食不安全产生深远影响。
Due to the relatively low numbers of households in high income countries experiencing food insecurity most studies conflate the levels of severity, which masks between- and within-country differences. This study aims to describe the characteristics of individuals living in high income countries who were moderately or severely food insecure and investigates temporal trends in prevalence. It assesses these characteristics in comparison to those who were food secure.
This is a secondary analysis of data collected by the FAO Voices of the Hungry between 2014-2018. The data were collected during the annual Gallup World Polls of nationally representative samples using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Data from 34 highly developed, wealthy countries were analysed. The age, gender, income, education, area of residence and household structure of individuals experiencing moderate/severe food insecurity (FI), and severe FI, were compared using ANOVA, Welch\'s F, Pearson\'s Chi-square, and Linear-by-Linear Association, dependent on the variable of interest. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group countries according to their prevalence of moderate/severe FI, and severe FI.
Overall, 6.5% of the weighted sample were moderately/severely food insecure (M-SFI), while 1.6% were severely food insecure. M-SFI individuals were present in all 34 countries, in all years and across all education levels and income quintiles. The proportion of individuals experiencing moderate/severe FI varied between years and countries. Fifteen countries showed a significant downward temporal trend in prevalence of moderate/severe FI (p < 0.001), while three countries demonstrated an increasing temporal trend driven by increasing prevalence in those aged 65 years or less (p < 0.001). Comparing individuals experiencing moderate versus severe FI showed over-representation of males, single adult households and lower household income in the severe FI group.
Individuals across all income, education and age categories living in high income countries are experiencing moderate/severe food insecurity, but with higher prevalence in those experiencing more disadvantage. Over the study period some countries experienced escalating while others demonstrated decreasing moderate/severe FI trends. This comparison of countries with similar economic and human development indices highlights an opportunity to investigate subtle variations in social, economic and education policy that could have profound impacts on food insecurity.