Social Justice

社会正义
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在这篇评论中,我们探讨了传统的黑人助产实践在侨民和全球背景下的意义,关注他们对出生正义的潜力。通过整合文化,健康,和历史观点,我们强调了传统黑人助产的变革力量。此外,我们解决黑人传统和正规培训的助产士在当代医疗保健系统中面临的挑战。法律限制等障碍,有限的认可,和资源不足阻碍了黑人助产纳入正式的医疗保健框架。最后,促进合作的战略,文化,传统的黑人助产士和现代医疗保健提供者之间的尊重对话被提议克服这些挑战。
    In this commentary, we explore the significance of traditional Black midwifery practices across diaspora and global contexts, focusing on their potential for birth justice. By integrating cultural, health, and historical perspectives, we highlight the transformative power of traditional Black midwifery. Furthermore, we address the challenges that Black traditional and formally trained midwives face within contemporary health care systems. Barriers such as legal restrictions, limited recognition, and inadequate resources hinder the integration of Black midwifery into formal health care frameworks. Finally, strategies to promote collaboration, cultural, and respectful dialogue between traditional Black midwives and modern health care providers are proposed to overcome these challenges.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目标:估计2019年巴西15岁或15岁以上人口中一般和公众获得处方药的流行率,并确定获得方面的不平等。根据性别的交叉点,颜色/种族,社会经济水平,和领土。
    方法:我们分析了2019年全国健康调查的数据,调查对象年龄在15岁或以上,他们在采访前两周在医疗服务机构开了药(n=19,819)。结果变量是获得药物,细分为一般访问(公共,私人和混合),对接受SUS治疗的人进行公共访问(通过统一卫生系统-SUS),和公共访问(通过SUS)为那些不受SUS治疗的人。研究的自变量用于表示边缘化轴:性别,颜色/种族,社会经济水平,和领土。计算了不同组的一般和公共访问的患病率,并使用逻辑回归模型用比值比(OR)估计了结果与上述轴的关联。
    结果:一般接入率很高(84.9%),当考虑到所有访问来源时,有利于更有特权的人群,比如男人,白色,以及社会经济地位高的人。当只考虑SUS中规定的药物时,患病率低(30.4%),否则会使边缘化人群受益,比如女人,黑色,和来自低社会经济背景的人。
    结论:通过SUS获得药物被证明是打击交叉不平等的工具,相信SUS是促进社会正义的有效公共政策。
    OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of general and public access to prescription drugs in the Brazilian population aged 15 or older in 2019, and to identify inequities in access, according to intersections of gender, color/race, socioeconomic level, and territory.
    METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2019 National Health Survey with respondents aged 15 years or older who had been prescribed a medication in a healthcare service in the two weeks prior to the interview (n = 19,819). The outcome variable was access to medicines, subdivided into general access (public, private and mixed), public access (via the Unified Health System - SUS) for those treated by the SUS, and public access (via the SUS) for those not treated by the SUS. The study\'s independent variables were used to represent axes of marginalization: gender, color/race, socioeconomic level, and territory. The prevalence of general and public access in the different groups analyzed was calculated and the association of the outcomes with the aforementioned axes was estimated with odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression models.
    RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of general access (84.9%), when all sources of access were considered, favoring more privileged segments of the population, such as men, white, and those of high socioeconomic status. When only the medicines prescribed in the SUS were considered, there was a low prevalence (30.4% access) that otherwise benefited marginalized population segments, such as women, black, and people from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
    CONCLUSIONS: Access to medicines through the SUS proves to be an instrument for combating intersectional inequities, lending credence to the idea that the SUS is an efficient public policy for promoting social justice.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在单一付款人医疗保健系统中,工作场所正义与非致命职业事故之间的关系很少被探索。随着各国努力实现和维持全民健康覆盖,医护人员的职业安全和健康需要更多的关注。我们使用了对随机抽样的台湾工人进行的全国调查的数据。一百四十八名男性和567名女性,对715名年龄在20至65岁之间的医护人员进行了分析。工作场所规模由4个子部分组成,包括分配正义,人际正义,信息正义,和程序正义,并在每个维度上分为低组和高组。Logistic回归模型研究了工作场所公正与医护人员自我评估的职业事故之间的关系。医护人员自我评估的职业事故发生率为15.54%,男女为11.64%,分别。在调整了诸如社会人口统计学变量之类的变量之后,体力劳动要求,轮班工作状态,工作合同,和心理工作要求,回归分析表明,分配正义较低的卫生员工,人际正义,信息正义,在男性和女性中,程序正义与自我评估的职业事故显着相关。将研究扩展到包括不同国家的医疗保健系统可以增强研究结果的普遍性。为政策制定者和医疗保健管理人员提供具体建议,以改善工作场所的公正性并减少职业事故。
    The relationship between workplace justice and nonfatal occupational accidents in a single-payer healthcare system has rarely been explored. As countries strive to achieve and sustain universal health coverage, healthcare workers\' occupational safety and health require greater concerns. We used the data from a national survey conducted on randomly sampled Taiwanese workers. One hundred forty eight males and 567 females, with a total of 715 healthcare workers aged 20 to 65, were analyzed. The workplace scale consisted of 4 subcomponents, including distributive justice, interpersonal justice, information justice, and procedural justice, and was dichotomized into low and high groups in each dimension. Logistic regression models examined the relationship between workplace justice and self-evaluated occupational accidents among healthcare employees. The prevalence of self-evaluated occupational accidents in healthcare employees was 15.54% and 11.64% for men and women, respectively. After adjusting variables such as sociodemographic variables, physical job demands, shift work status, work contract, and psychological job demands, regression analyses indicated that health employees with lower distributive justice, interpersonal justice, information justice, and procedural justice were significantly associated with self-evaluated occupational accidents both in males and females. Expanding the study to include healthcare systems in different countries could enhance the generalizability of the findings. Offering specific recommendations for policymakers and healthcare administrators to improve workplace justice and reduce occupational accidents.
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  • 文章类型: Introductory Journal Article
    本文是对“不断变化的价值和能源系统”主题集合的介绍,其中包括六个贡献,这些贡献检查了有关设计的价值变化实例,能源系统的使用和操作。本引言讨论了在能源转型中考虑价值的必要性。它研究了价值和价值变化的概念,以及如何在能源系统的设计中解决价值。能源和能源系统背景下的价值变化是一个最近获得关注的话题。Current,过去,能量转换通常集中在有限范围的值上,比如可持续性,在留下其他突出价值的同时,比如能源民主,或者能源正义,从图片中。此外,这些价值观在这些系统的设计中根深蒂固:利益相关者很难在这些系统的使用和操作中解决新的关切和价值观,导致进一步昂贵的过渡和系统大修。为了解决这个问题,需要更好地理解能源系统背景下的价值变化。我们还需要考虑对治理的进一步要求,能源系统的机构和工程设计,以适应未来的价值变化。开放,透明度,适应性,灵活性和模块化是当前能源转型中的新要求,需要进一步探索和审查。
    This paper is the introduction to a topical collection on \"Changing Values and Energy Systems\" that consists of six contributions that examine instances of value change regarding the design, use and operation of energy systems. This introduction discusses the need to consider values in the energy transition. It examines conceptions of value and value change and how values can be addressed in the design of energy systems. Value change in the context of energy and energy systems is a topic that has recently gained traction. Current, and past, energy transitions often focus on a limited range of values, such as sustainability, while leaving other salient values, such as energy democracy, or energy justice, out of the picture. Furthermore, these values become entrenched in the design of these systems: it is hard for stakeholders to address new concerns and values in the use and operation of these systems, leading to further costly transitions and systems\' overhaul. To remedy this issue, value change in the context of energy systems needs to be better understood. We also need to think about further requirements for the governance, institutional and engineering design of energy systems to accommodate future value change. Openness, transparency, adaptiveness, flexibility and modularity emerge as new requirements within the current energy transition that need further exploration and scrutiny.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    随着教育工作者和学校加倍努力,支持和培养多元化和高度称职的学生团体,迫切需要采用一个学术框架来了解创伤对学生学习的影响,护理教育中的公平和正义,并支持政策制定。
    本文阐述了使用以公平为中心的创伤知情教育实践(TIEP)作为检查框架,仔细检查,消除种族主义的影响和影响,包括明确的,隐式,系统,和微侵略,以及实践中的不公平方法,教育学,和政策。
    确定了五个关键策略:(1)偏见和反种族主义工作;(2)安全和信任;(3)文化响应教学法;(4)健康和平衡以及(5)社区建设。
    转变护理教育需要范式转变,从个人到系统级别发生的变化。TIEP确保变革以公平为中心,以正义为中心。[J护士教育。2024;63(8):507-514。].
    UNASSIGNED: As educators and schools redouble their efforts to support and graduate a diverse and highly competent student body, there is an urgent need to adopt an academic framework to understand the effects of trauma on student learning, ground equity and justice in nursing education, and underpin policy development.
    UNASSIGNED: This article explicates the use of equity-centered trauma-informed education practice (TIEP) as a framework for examining, scrutinizing, and eliminating the influences and effects of racism, including explicit, implicit, systematic, and microaggressions, as well as inequitable approaches in practices, pedagogy, and policy.
    UNASSIGNED: Five key strategies were identified: (1) bias and antiracist work; (2) safety and trust; (3) culturally responsive pedagogy; (4) wellness and balance and (5) community-building.
    UNASSIGNED: Transforming nursing education requires a paradigm shift, with changes occurring from an individual to a system level. TIEP ensures changes are equity-centered and justice-focused. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(8):507-514.].
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管同性伴侣的收养率一直在增加,有限的研究集中在影响与将孩子与此类夫妇安置在一起的决策相关的因素上,特别是从生母的角度来看。此外,关于偏见可能如何影响出生母亲将孩子与同性伴侣在一起的决定,文献中存在差距。这项研究旨在研究出生母亲的种族意识形态与他们在收养过程中自愿将子女与同性伴侣(n=29)或父母伴侣(n=354)的决定之间的关联。结果表明,具有更强颜色规避种族态度的出生母亲将子女与同性伴侣放在一起的可能性大大降低。讨论了对收养过程中各种形式的偏见之间的交集以及同性恋恐惧症与种族主义之间潜在相互作用的影响进行进一步研究的必要性。为希望尽量减少同性恋恐惧症和种族主义偏见的专业人员提供建议。
    Although the adoption rate among same-sex couples has been increasing, limited research has focused on factors influencing decision making related to placing children with such couples, particularly from the standpoint of birth mothers. Additionally, there is a gap in the literature regarding how biases may influence birth mothers\' decision to place their child with a same-sex couple. This study sought to examine the association between birth mothers\' racial ideologies and their decision to voluntarily place their children with same-sex couples (n = 29) or mother-father couples (n = 354) during the adoption process. Results indicated that birth mothers with stronger color evasive racial attitudes were significantly less likely to place their children with same-sex couples. The need for additional research about the intersections among various forms of bias in the adoption process and the effect of potential interactions between homophobia and racism are discussed. Suggestions for professionals wishing to minimize homophobic and racist bias are provided.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    与过去相比,生活变得更加舒适,人们对各种服务部门的兴趣与日俱增,比如医疗保健,需求的增长导致提供服务所必需的产品的设施数量增加。提高服务质量对于在激烈竞争的医疗环境中获得优势至关重要,尤其重要,因为结果不仅包括疾病的治疗,还包括患者的情感和体验满意度。本研究提出了程序正义和信任的两个维度作为与医患关系相关的因素,调查他们对患者的影响,并打算继续与他们的医疗保健提供者保持关系。我们发现程序正义对信任的两个维度都有积极的影响,后者对连续性意图有显著的正向影响。由于本研究验证了程序正义和信任对患者持续体验医疗服务的必要性,医疗保健行业必须了解这些因素并将其纳入其实践。
    As life has become noticeably more comfortable compared to the past, there is a mounting interest in various service sectors, such as healthcare, where growing demand has led to an increase in the number facilities that supply products essential to service provision. Enhancing the service quality is critical to gaining an advantage in the fiercely competitive healthcare environment and is especially important as the outcomes encompass not only the treatment of disease but also patients\' emotional and experiential satisfaction. This study presents procedural justice and two dimensions of trust as factors related to physician and patient relationship, investigating their effects on patients\' intention to continue the relationship with their healthcare providers. We found that procedural justice had a positive effect on the two dimensions of trust, and the latter had a significant positive effect on the continuity intention. As this study verifies the necessity of procedural justice and trust for patients to continuously experience medical services, it is imperative for the healthcare industry to understand and incorporate these factors into their practices.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    围绕全球科学公平和正义的讨论通常强调科学杂志编辑委员会缺乏多样性,作者身份不平等,\"降落伞研究,\"占主导地位的英语语言,或科学奖主要由全球北方科学家获得。这些不平等现象普遍存在,必须予以纠正。但是有一个更大的问题。殖民主义在科学研究中的遗产包括有利于全球北方国家及其支持的大公司的知识产权制度。这种不公平表现在谁能获得科学成果,并提出了科学是为谁服务或拯救谁的问题。
    Discussions around global equity and justice in science typically emphasize the lack of diversity in the editorial boards of scientific journals, inequities in authorship, \"parachute research,\" dominance of the English language, or scientific awards garnered predominantly by Global North scientists. These inequities are pervasive and must be redressed. But there is a bigger problem. The legacy of colonialism in scientific research includes an intellectual property system that favors Global North countries and the big corporations they support. This unfairness shows up in who gets access to the fruits of science and raises the question of who science is designed to serve or save.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    乌干达可能主持世界上第一个基因驱动蚊子控制疟疾的现场试验。全球北方话语假设非洲公众可以获得有关基因驱动的信息,并准备就其治理做出决定。我们探讨了有关乌干达提供此信息的假设。我们发现可用的信息很少,并且对非专业人士的信息有强烈的需求。我们在乌干达信息基础设施和对遗传技术的政治敏感性的背景下讨论了这些发现。如果乌干达人要决定基因驱动,他们需要有关科学的独立信息来支持参与。
    Uganda may host the world\'s first field trials of gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control. Global North discourses pre-suppose African publics have access to information about gene drive and are ready to make decisions about its governance. We explore assumptions about the availability of this information in Uganda. We find a paucity of information available combined with a strong desire for information from lay publics. We discuss these findings in the context of Ugandan information infrastructures and political sensitivities to genetic technologies. If Ugandans are to decide about gene drive, they need independent information about the science to underpin engagement.
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