背景:有相当多的证据表明,在低收入和中等收入国家,非正式照顾者对患有严重和持久精神健康状况的人的照顾负担。先前的研究强调需要支持这些非正式的护理人员作为护理这些患者的关键参与者。迄今为止,在低收入和中等收入国家支持这些非正式照顾者的策略的范围和类型方面存在有限的证据.
目的:本范围界定综述旨在确定和描述在低收入和中等收入国家减轻患有严重和持久心理健康状况的非正式照顾者护理负担的现有策略的范围和类型。
方法:按照JoannaBriggs研究所的范围审查方法完成了系统的文献检索。参与者,概念,和上下文框架用于指导跨5个数据库搜索文献来源:PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,和PsycINFO用于已发表的文献,ProQuest用于未发表的文献。这篇综述包括了一些研究,这些研究报告了减轻患有严重和持久精神健康状况的人的非正式照顾者的照顾负担的策略,重点是评估或推荐低收入和中等收入国家护理人员干预措施和支持策略的研究。搜索仅限于2001年至2021年之间进行的研究,并且仅考虑将英文撰写的论文纳入其中。使用Covidence软件(VeritasHealthInnovation),2名审稿人独立筛选论文,应用了纳入和排除标准,每两周开会一次,讨论和解决冲突。总结了相关研究和报告的结果,有组织的,并使用数字摘要分析和演绎内容分析进行描述性分析。
结果:在确定的18,342项研究中,44(0.24%)符合纳入标准。纳入的研究来自亚洲16个低收入和中等收入国家,非洲,欧洲,南美和北美。大多数研究(21/44,48%)是在亚洲国家进行的随机对照试验。确定的策略分为2类:实施和建议的干预策略。确定的策略包括基于社区的干预措施,心理教育干预,支持团体,认知行为疗法,基于灵性的干预措施,和基于智能手机的干预措施。此外,正念和赋权,协作干预,标准护理,财政和社会支持,咨询,基于职业的干预措施,政策和立法,并确定了获得精神卫生保健的机会。心理教育和支持小组干预被确定为减轻患有严重和持久心理健康状况的人的非正式护理人员的护理负担的常见策略。
结论:本综述提供了在低收入和中等收入国家实施和推荐的减轻非正式照顾者照顾负担的策略类型的证据。尽管心理教育干预是减轻负担的首选策略,与同行主导的支持小组相比,他们的获益是短暂的.
■RR2-10.2196/44268。
BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence of the burden of care encountered by informal caregivers of persons with severe and enduring mental health conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies have highlighted the need to support these informal caregivers as key players in the care of these patients. To date, limited evidence exists on the extent and types of strategies for supporting these informal caregivers in low- and middle-income countries.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify and describe the extent and type of evidence on the existing strategies for alleviating the burden of care among informal caregivers of persons with severe and enduring mental health conditions in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was completed following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The participants, concept, and context framework was used to guide the search for literature sources across 5 databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for published literature and ProQuest for unpublished literature. This review included studies that reported on strategies for alleviating the burden of care among informal caregivers of persons with severe and enduring mental health conditions, with a focus on studies that evaluated or recommended caregiver interventions and support strategies in low- and middle-income countries. The search was limited to studies conducted between 2001 and 2021, and only papers written in English were considered for inclusion. Using the Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation), 2 reviewers independently screened the papers, applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and met biweekly to discuss and resolve conflicts. The relevant studies and reported outcomes were summarized, organized, and analyzed descriptively using numeric summary analysis and deductive content analysis.
RESULTS: Of the 18,342 studies identified, 44 (0.24%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were from 16 low- and middle-income countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South and North America. Most studies (21/44, 48%) were randomized controlled trials conducted in Asian countries. The identified strategies were grouped into 2 categories: implemented and recommended intervention strategies. Identified strategies included community-based interventions, psychoeducation interventions, support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, spirituality-based interventions, and smartphone-based interventions. In addition, mindfulness and empowerment, collaborative interventions, standard care, financial and social support, counseling, occupation-based interventions, policy and legislature, and access to mental health care were identified. Psychoeducation and support group interventions were identified as common strategies for alleviating the burden of care among informal caregivers of persons with severe and enduring mental health conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence on the types of implemented and recommended strategies for alleviating the burden of care among informal caregivers in low- and middle-income countries. Although psychoeducational interventions were the most preferred strategy for alleviating burden, their benefits were short-lived when compared with peer-led support groups.
UNASSIGNED: RR2-10.2196/44268.