采用各种传统管理技术来控制由细菌和真菌引起的植物病害。然而,由于它们的缺点和不利的环境影响,正在转向采用对环境和人类健康危害较小的更环保的方法。该研究的主要目的是使用绿色方法从枯萎病菌和枝状孢子菌生物合成银纳米颗粒(AgNPs),并测试这些生物合成的AgNPs对各种病原真菌的抗真菌活性。利用紫外可见光谱对样品进行了表征,SEM(扫描电子显微镜),FTIR(傅里叶透射红外光谱),和XRD(X射线衍射法)。在研究期间,在420和450nm处存在强的等离子吸收带,证实了真菌枯萎病菌和枝状孢子菌的AgNPs生物合成。生物合成的AgNPs大小为80-100nm,形状不对称,聚集时变成球形到亚球形。银纳米颗粒对各种植物病原真菌的抗真菌活性的评估通过琼脂孔扩散测定法进行。不同浓度的AgNPs,测试了5mg/mL10mg/mL和15mg/mL,以了解真菌植物病原体的抑制作用。黄曲霉,柑橘青霉,尖孢镰刀菌,镰刀菌变节菌,和黄曲霉。然而,15mg/mL浓度的AgNP对所有测试的真菌病原体显示出优异的抑制活性。因此,获得的结果清楚地表明,银纳米颗粒可能在控制由真菌引起的各种植物病害中具有重要的应用。
Various traditional management techniques are employed to control plant diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, due to their drawbacks and adverse environmental effects, there is a shift toward employing more eco-friendly methods that are less harmful to the environment and human health. The main aim of the study was to biosynthesize silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Rhizoctonia solani and Cladosporium cladosporioides using a green approach and to test the antimycotic activity of these biosynthesized AgNPs against a variety of pathogenic fungi. The characterization of samples was done by using UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffractometry). During the study, the presence of strong plasmon absorbance bands at 420 and 450 nm confirmed the AgNPs biosynthesis by the fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The biosynthesized AgNPs were 80-100 nm in size, asymmetrical in shape and became spherical to sub-spherical when aggregated. Assessment of the antifungal activity of the silver nanoparticles against various plant pathogenic fungi was carried out by agar well diffusion assay. Different concentration of AgNPs, 5 mg/mL 10 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL were tested to know the inhibitory effect of fungal plant pathogens viz. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium metavorans, and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans. However, 15 mg/mL concentration of the AgNPs showed excellent inhibitory activity against all tested fungal pathogens. Thus, the obtained results clearly suggest that silver nanoparticles may have important applications in controlling various plant diseases caused by fungi.