三种生物防治剂的体外和体内功效,绿色木霉,荧光假单胞菌,和枯草芽孢杆菌,与两种常规杀真菌剂(Rizolex-T50%可湿性粉剂和Amistar25%)相比,进行了针对枯萎病丝核菌(AG-4)感染的测试。在生物控制剂的培养滤液中测定抗真菌酶活性。通过与对照相比评估生物控制剂处理的植物中的抗性相关酶和化合物,研究了测试的生物控制剂对香菜免疫系统诱导的影响。获得的结果表明,所有测试的生物控制剂都显着降低了R.solani的线性生长,T.viride记录了最高的抑制百分比。这可能与T.viride产生更高活性的抗微生物酶的能力有关,即,纤维素酶,几丁质酶,和蛋白酶,与P.荧光和枯草芽孢杆菌相比。与未经处理的植物相比,施用测试的生物防治剂可显着减轻受感染的香菜的出苗前后阻尼和根腐病/枯萎病。与测试的杀菌剂相比,测试的生物防治剂显示出明显更高的香菜发芽率和活力指数。所测试的生物控制剂显著地最小化了由S.solani诱导的光合色素的减少。此外,结果显示酶/分子显著增加(即,苯丙氨酸,过氧化氢酶,过氧化物酶,过氧化氢酶,超氧化物歧化酶,苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶,酚类物质,抗坏血酸,和水杨酸)直接和间接地参与了香菜对茄子的抗性。对记录数据的主成分分析推荐了氧化参数(过氧化氢和脂质过氧化)的高积累和酚类化合物的抑制作用在下调香菜对R.solani的抗性中的作用。热图分析结果表明,生物防治剂,尤其是木霉,通过水杨酸的刺激增强了对枯草杆菌的抵抗力,酚类物质,和抗氧化酶。总的来说,数据推荐了生物防治剂的功效,尤其是T.Viride,对抗R.solani感染香菜植物,这可能是传统杀菌剂的有效和更安全的替代品。
The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Bacillus subtilis, were tested against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) infection compared to two conventional fungicides (Rizolex-T 50%wettable powder and Amistar 25%). Antifungal enzyme activity was assayed in the culture filtrate of the biocontrol agents. The impact of the tested biocontrol agents on the induction of the coriander immune system was investigated against R. solani by assessing the resistance-related enzymes and compounds in biocontrol agent-treated plants compared with the control. The obtained results revealed that all tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the linear growth of R. solani, and T. viride recorded the highest inhibition percentage. This could be linked to the ability of T. viride to produce higher activities of antimicrobial enzymes, i.e., cellulase, chitinase, and protease, compared to P. fluorescence and B. subtilis. Applying the tested biocontrol agents significantly alleviated pre- and post-emergence damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases of infected coriander compared with untreated plants. The tested biocontrol agents exhibited significantly higher germination percentage and vigor index of the coriander than the tested fungicides. The tested biocontrol agents significantly minimized the reduction of photosynthetic pigments induced by R. solani. In addition, the results showed a significant increase in enzymes/molecules (i.e., phenylalanine, catalase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenolics, ascorbic acids, and salicylic acid) involved directly and indirectly in coriander resistance to R. solani. The principal component analysis of the recorded data recommended the role of the high accumulation of oxidative parameters (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and the inhibition of phenolic compounds in the downregulation of coriander resistance against R. solani. The heatmap analysis results revealed that biocontrol agents, especially Trichoderma, enhanced the resistance against R. solani via the stimulation of salicylic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the data recommended the efficacy of biocontrol agents, especially T. viride, against R. solani infecting coriander plants, which could be an efficient and a safer alternative to conventional fungicides.