在大多数生态系统中,植物与生物体建立复杂的共生关系,比如细菌和真菌,通过促进或抑制生长显著影响他们的健康。这些关系涉及细胞水平的生化交换,影响植物生理学并具有进化意义,比如物种多样化,水平基因转移,共生和共生,环境适应,以及对社区结构和生物多样性的积极影响。由于这些原因,当代研究,超越观察研究,试图阐明这些相互作用的分子基础;然而,知识差距依然存在。这在理解植物如何区分有益和拮抗微生物时尤其值得注意。鉴于上述情况,这篇文献综述旨在通过探索常见种间关系的关键机制来解决其中的一些差距.因此,我们的研究对这些进化原型提出了新的见解,专注于抗菌过程和微生物信号,包括趋化性和群体感应。此外,它检查了内生菌的生化基础,前mRNA剪接,和转录可塑性,强调转录因子和表观遗传调控在相互作用生物功能中的作用。这些发现强调了在自然环境中理解这些汇合的重要性,这对未来的理论和实际应用至关重要,比如改善植物营养,防止病原体,发展转基因作物,可持续农业,研究疾病机制。结论是,由于参与这些生物相互作用的各种生物分子的特性,自然界中存在相互连接的分子网络,它们产生了不同的生态支架。这些网络整合了无数属于各个王国的功能有机单元。这种交织强调了在分子水平上理解植物-微生物相互作用所需的复杂性和多学科整合。关于本研究固有的局限性,人们认识到,研究人员面临着重大障碍。这些包括实验和实地考察的技术困难,以及巩固和总结学术文章发现的艰巨任务。挑战的范围从理解复杂的生态和分子动力学到对多样化和不断变化的文献的公正和客观的解释。
In most ecosystems, plants establish complex symbiotic relationships with organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which significantly influence their health by promoting or inhibiting growth. These relationships involve biochemical exchanges at the cellular level that affect plant physiology and have evolutionary implications, such as species diversification, horizontal gene transfer, symbiosis and mutualism, environmental adaptation, and positive impacts on community structure and biodiversity. For these reasons, contemporary research, moving beyond observational studies, seeks to elucidate the molecular basis of these interactions; however, gaps in knowledge remain. This is particularly noticeable in understanding how plants distinguish between beneficial and antagonistic microorganisms. In light of the above, this literature
review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring the key mechanisms in common interspecies relationships. Thus, our study presents novel insights into these evolutionary archetypes, focusing on the antibiosis process and microbial signaling, including chemotaxis and quorum sensing. Additionally, it examined the biochemical basis of endophytism, pre-mRNA splicing, and transcriptional plasticity, highlighting the roles of transcription factors and epigenetic regulation in the functions of the interacting organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding these confluences in natural environments, which are crucial for future theoretical and practical applications, such as improving plant nutrition, protecting against pathogens, developing transgenic crops, sustainable agriculture, and researching disease mechanisms. It was concluded that because of the characteristics of the various biomolecules involved in these biological interactions, there are interconnected molecular networks in nature that give rise to different ecological scaffolds. These networks integrate a myriad of functionally organic units that belong to various kingdoms. This interweaving underscores the complexity and multidisciplinary integration required to understand plant-microbe interactions at the molecular level. Regarding the limitations inherent in this study, it is recognized that researchers face significant obstacles. These include technical difficulties in experimentation and fieldwork, as well as the arduous task of consolidating and summarizing findings for academic articles. Challenges range from understanding complex ecological and molecular dynamics to unbiased and objective interpretation of diverse and ever-changing literature.