Abstract：
Biofilms are an intricate community of microbes that colonize solid surfaces, communicating via a quorum-sensing mechanism. These microbial aggregates secrete exopolysaccharides facilitating adhesion and conferring resistance to drugs and antimicrobial agents. The escalating global concern over biofilm-related infections on medical devices underscores the severe threat to human health. Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising substrate to combat microbes and disrupt biofilm matrices. Their numerous advantages such as facile surface functionalization and specific antimicrobial properties, position them as innovative anti-biofilm agents. Due to their minuscule size, CDs can penetrate microbial cells, inhibiting growth via cytoplasmic leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and genetic material fragmentation. Research has demonstrated the efficacy of CDs in inhibiting biofilms formed by key pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Consequently, the development of CD-based coatings and hydrogels holds promise for eradicating biofilm formation, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy, reducing clinical expenses, and minimizing the need for implant revision surgeries. This review provides insights into the mechanisms of biofilm formation on implants, surveys major biofilm-forming pathogens and associated infections, and specifically highlights the anti-biofilm properties of CDs emphasizing their potential as coatings on medical implants.
摘要：
生物膜是一个复杂的微生物群落，在固体表面定居，通过法定感应机制进行通信。这些微生物聚集体分泌促进粘附和赋予药物和抗微生物剂抗性的胞外多糖。全球对医疗器械生物膜相关感染的担忧不断升级，突显了对人类健康的严重威胁。碳点（CD）已成为对抗微生物和破坏生物膜基质的有前途的底物。它们的许多优点，如容易的表面官能化和特定的抗菌性能，将它们定位为创新的抗生物膜剂。由于它们极小的尺寸，CD可以穿透微生物细胞，通过细胞质渗漏抑制生长，活性氧（ROS）的产生，和遗传物质碎片化。研究已经证明了CD在抑制由关键致病菌如大肠杆菌形成的生物膜方面的功效,金黄色葡萄球菌,还有铜绿假单胞菌.因此,基于CD的涂层和水凝胶的开发有望消除生物膜的形成，从而提高治疗效果，减少临床费用，最大限度地减少植入物翻修手术的需要。这篇综述提供了对植入物生物膜形成机制的见解，调查主要的生物膜形成病原体和相关的感染，并特别强调了CD的抗生物膜特性，强调了它们作为医疗植入物涂层的潜力。
