新兴污染物是具有环境持久性的有毒有害化学物质,生物累积和生物毒性,危害生态环境,甚至威胁人类健康。有四类新兴污染物引起广泛关注,即,持久性有机污染物,内分泌干扰物,抗生素,和微塑料。新兴污染物的分布具有时空异质性,受地理位置等因素的影响,气候条件,人口密度,排放量,等。本文讨论的类固醇雌激素(SEs)属于内分泌干扰物的范畴。土壤环境中SE的命运通常有三种类型:吸附,退化和屈辱。谦卑是去除SE的一个有希望的途径,尤其是那些难以降解的。通过羞辱,这些难以降解的SE可以有效地转移或固定,从而减少它们对环境和生物的影响。与充分研究的吸附和降解过程相反,羞辱过程对消除SEs的作用和希望被低估了。在现有研究的基础上,本文回顾了来源,分类,属性,SEs在土壤中的危害和环境行为,并着重于SEs的退化和腐化过程以及影响其过程的环境因素,如温度,pH值,等。旨在为SES的后续研究提供参考,并主张在未来的研究中进一步研究有机污染物的腐殖化。
Emerging pollutants are toxic and harmful chemical substances characterized by environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and biotoxicity, which can harm the ecological environment and even threaten human health. There are four categories of emerging pollutants that are causing widespread concern, namely, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastics. The distribution of emerging pollutants has spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which is influenced by factors such as geographical location, climatic conditions, population density, emission amount, etc. Steroidal estrogens (SEs) discussed in this paper belong to the category of endocrine disruptors. There are generally three types of fate for SEs in the soil environment: sorption, degradation and humification. Humification is a promising pathway for the removal of SEs, especially for those that are difficult to degrade. Through humification, these difficult-to-degrade SEs can be effectively transferred or fixed, thus reducing their impact on the environment and organisms. Contrary to the well-studied process of sorption and degradation, the role and promise of the humification process for the removal of SEs has been underestimated. Based on the existing research, this paper reviews the sources, classification, properties, hazards and environmental behaviors of SEs in soil, and focuses on the degradation and humification processes of SEs and the environmental factors affecting their processes, such as temperature, pH, etc. It aims to provide references for the follow-up research of SEs, and advocates further research on the humification of organic pollutants in future studies.