背景:食用受污染的生蔬菜和水果是寄生虫传播给人类的主要手段之一。定期监测这些食品中的寄生虫污染是防止寄生虫病在社区中传播的关键步骤。这项研究旨在检测因食用在三个露天市场出售的生蔬菜和水果而引起的肠道寄生虫污染及其相关因素,奥罗米亚,埃塞俄比亚。
方法:对从三个城市周边露天市场收集的水果和蔬菜进行了横断面研究(即;HoraGibe,2021年7月至9月,金马市郊区的Bore和Jiren市场)。共收集了187个新鲜蔬菜样品和188个水果,并检查了肠道寄生虫污染。对约200克水果和蔬菜样品进行了处理,并用显微镜检查是否有寄生虫污染,采用直接湿法安装和改良的Zeihl-Neelson染色方法,符合标准协议。使用结构化问卷收集有关供应商的社会人口统计学特征以及水果和蔬菜污染的风险因素的数据。所有数据使用SPSS版本20.0进行分析。
结果:在187个新鲜蔬菜样品和188个新鲜蔬菜样品中,105份(56.1%)和68/188份(36.2%)蔬菜和水果样本,分别,被发现被一种或多种肠道寄生虫污染。值得注意的是,胡萝卜(Daucuscarota)63.8%(30/46)和生菜(Lactucasativa)63.1%(29/46),而青椒(辣椒属。)是受污染最少的。在水果样品中,Avokado(Perseaamericana)的42.6%(20/47)和香蕉(Musaacuminata)的14.9%(7/47)分别是受污染最多和最少的物品。确定的蠕虫和原生动物是A虫,胸骨圆线虫,处女膜外膜外膜,溶组织内阿米巴/dispar,贾第虫Lamblia,隐孢子虫。,弓形虫属。和Fasciolaspp。遇到的最主要的寄生虫是A.lumbricoides46(12.3%),而两个弓形虫属。12(6.9)和Fasciolaspp。2(0.5)是检测到最少的寄生虫。值得一提的是,Bore市场的污染率(38.15%)高于Jiren市场(34.7%)和HoraGibe市场(27%)。然而,从这三个地区获得的蔬菜和水果的污染率不显着(p=0.19)。蔬菜污染比水果污染更常见(AOR=5.78,p<0.001)。还观察到,减少的寄生污染与在展示用于销售之前洗涤产品显著相关(p<0.001)。
结论:该研究发现,受肠道蠕虫和原生动物污染的生蔬菜和水果的比例很高。金马市露天市郊市场受污染的新鲜蔬菜和水果,埃塞俄比亚可能在肠道寄生虫感染向人类传播中发挥重要作用,特别是A.lumbricoides感染。因此,卫生当局迫切需要教育公众在食用蔬菜和水果前如何正确处理。
BACKGROUND: Consuming contaminated raw vegetables and fruits is one of the primary means of parasite transmission to humans. Periodic monitoring of parasitic contamination in these food items is a crucial step in preventing the spread of parasitic disease in the community. This
study was aimed at detecting intestinal parasitic contamination caused by consuming raw vegetables and fruits sold in three open-air markets and its associated factors in peri-urban areas of Jimma City, Oromia, Ethiopia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional
study was conducted on fruits and vegetables collected from three peri-urban open-aired markets (namely; Hora Gibe, Bore and Jiren markets) in peri-urban areas of Jimma City between July and September 2021. A total of 187 fresh vegetable samples and 188 fruits were collected and examined for intestinal parasite contamination. About 200g of fruit and vegetable samples were processed and examined microscopically for parasite contamination, utilizing direct wet mount and modified Zeihl-Neelson staining methods in accordance with standard protocols. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics of vendors and risk factors for fruit and vegetable contamination. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
RESULTS: Of the 187 fresh vegetable samples and 188 fresh vegetable samples, 105 (56.1%) and 68/188 (36.2%) of vegetables and fruit samples, respectively, were found contaminated with one or more intestinal
parasites. Remarkably, high level of contamination in fresh vegetable samples was recorded both in Carrot (Daucus carota) 63.8% (30/46) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 63.1% (29/46) while Green pepper (Capsicum spp.) is the least contaminated. In fruit samples, Avokado (Persea americana) 42.6% (20/47) and Banana (Musa acuminata) 14.9% (7/47) were the most and the least commonly contaminated items respectively. The identified helminthes and protozoans were Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxocara spp. And Fasciola spp. The most predominant parasite encountered was A. lumbricoides 46(12.3%) whereas both Toxocara spp. 12(6.9) and Fasciola spp. 2(0.5) were the least detected
parasites. It is worth-mentioned that the rate of contamination in Bore market (38.15%) was higher compared with Jiren market (34.7%) and Hora Gibe market (27%). However, the rate of contamination in vegetables and fruit obtained from the three district was non-significant (p = 0.19). Contamination was more common in vegetables than fruits (AOR = 5.78, p<0.001). It was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The
study has identified a high rate of raw vegetables and fruits contaminated with intestinal helminthes and protozoan. Contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits in open-aired peri-urban markets of Jimma city, Ethiopia may play a significant role in transmission of intestinal parasitic infections to humans, particularly A. lumbricoides infection. Therefore, it is urgently needed for health authorities to educate the public on the proper handling of vegetables and fruits prior to consumption.