电子烟的潜在危害和好处,或电子尼古丁输送系统(ENDS),已受到公共卫生和监管社区的极大关注。这样的产品可以为可燃香烟吸烟者提供降低的尼古丁递送风险的手段,同时不适当地吸引尼古丁幼稚的年轻人。许多作者已经检查了来自各种开放和封闭系统ENDS的气溶胶的化学复杂性。这里回顾了这一系列的文献,使用两种非致癌物(甲基乙二醛,丁醛)和致癌物N-亚硝基或尼古丁(NNN)的癌症风险分析。我们确定了96篇相关论文,包括17、13和5个甲基乙二醛的报告数据,丁醛,NNN,分别。使用低端(最小气溶胶浓度,低ENDS使用)和高端(最大气溶胶浓度,高端使用)假设,甲基乙二醛(1.78×10-3-135μg/kg-bw/day)和丁醛(1.9×10-4-66.54μg/kg-bw/day)的估计剂量分别对应于227-17,200,000和271-280,000,使用确定的出发点(PoD)。9.90×10-6-1.99×10-4μg/kg-bw/天NNN的剂量对应于每100,000个ENDS用户1.4-28个剩余癌症,相对于每100,000吸烟者7440的NNN归属盈余。结论是ENDS气溶胶中的甲基乙二醛和丁醛,虽然不是无害的,在ENDS用户中没有出现刺激性效应的显著风险。ENDS气溶胶中NNN的致癌风险降低,但没有消除,相对于可燃香烟烟雾中报告的浓度。
The potential harms and benefits of e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have received significant attention from public health and regulatory communities. Such products may provide a reduced risk means of nicotine delivery for combustible cigarette smokers while being inappropriately appealing to nicotine naive youth. Numerous authors have examined the chemical complexity of aerosols from various open- and closed-system ENDS. This body of literature is reviewed here, with the risks of ENDS aerosol exposure among users evaluated with a margin of exposure (MoE) approach for two non-carcinogens (
methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde) and a cancer risk analysis for the carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). We identified 96 relevant papers, including 17, 13, and 5 reporting data for
methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde, and NNN, respectively. Using low-end (minimum aerosol concentration, low ENDS use) and high-end (maximum aerosol concentration, high ENDS use) assumptions, estimated doses for
methylglyoxal (1.78 × 10-3-135 μg/kg-bw/day) and butyraldehyde (1.9 × 10-4-66.54 μg/kg-bw/day) corresponded to MoEs of 227-17,200,000 and 271-280,000,000, respectively, using identified points of departure (PoDs). Doses of 9.90 × 10-6-1.99 × 10-4 μg/kg-bw/day NNN corresponded to 1.4-28 surplus cancers per 100,000 ENDS users, relative to a NNN-attributable surplus of 7440 per 100,000 cigarette smokers. It was concluded that
methylglyoxal and butyraldehyde in ENDS aerosols, while not innocuous, did not present a significant risk of irritant effects among ENDS users. The carcinogenic risks of NNN in ENDS aerosols were reduced, but not eliminated, relative to concentrations reported in combustible cigarette smoke.