川芎是一种著名的四川特有中药材。它的原始植物,川芎,长期无性繁殖。L.川芎有性生殖障碍,制约了其种质创新。然而,关于川芎生殖系统的研究很少。本研究基于比较解剖学研究方法,使用形态学解剖,石蜡切片,染色和压缩,并结合扫描电子显微镜技术,观察和比较花朵,水果,以及川芎及其野生近缘植物繁殖生长各个阶段的种子。结果表明,川芎花药花粉母细胞减数分裂异常,在四单元阶段,小孢子的大小和数量不均匀且不一致。绒毡层细胞在花药发育过程中不会完全退化。在花粉成熟阶段,花药壁上有细小的裂缝,而大多数花药不能正常释放花粉。成熟花粉粒表面呈凹状,部分变形,花粉都不活跃,不能在体外发芽。淀粉,多糖,花粉中的脂质不足。川芎的花丝在开花期较短,向下弯曲。在结果阶段观察到双挂果实,有皱纹的;有皱缩的种子。与同一阶段的汉英相比,中华乳杆菌的花药发育正常,花粉粒旺盛,可以在体外发芽。香耳双挂果实饱满正常;在开花期,细丝又长又直,显著高于污名。成熟的胚泡可见于川芎和中华乳杆菌的卵巢,柱头没有显著差异。结论是,在川芎雄蕊的发育过程中,花粉母细胞的减数分裂是不正常的,和四分体,绒毡层,花丝和其他花粉结构发育异常。川芎具有男性不育的特点,这是导致其性生殖障碍的重要原因。
Chuanxiong Rhizoma is a well-known Sichuan-specific herbal medicine. Its original plant, Ligusticum chuanxiong, has been cultivated asexually for a long time. L. chuanxiong has sexual reproductive disorders, which restricts its germplasm innovation. However, there is little research on the reproductive system of L. chuanxiong. This
study is based on a comparative anatomical research approach, using morphological dissection, paraffin sectioning, staining and compression, and combined with scanning electron microscopy technology, to observe and compare the flowers, fruits, and seeds at various stages of reproductive growth of L. chuanxiong and its wild relative L. sinense. The results showed that the
meiosis of pollen mother cells is abnormal in L. chuanxiong anthers, and the size and number of microspores are uneven and inconsistent in the tetrad stage. tapetum cells are not completely degenerated during anther development. During the pollen ripening stage, there are fine cracks in the anther wall, while most anthers could not release pollen normally. The surface of mature pollen grains is concave and partially deformed, and the pollens are all inactive and cannot germinate in vitro. The starch, polysaccharides, and lipids in the pollen were insufficient. The filaments of L. chuanxiong are short at the flowering stage and recurved downward. Double-hanging fruits were observed in the fruiting stage, being wrinkled; with shriveled seeds. Compared with L. sinense at the same stage, the anthers of L. sinense developed normally, and the pollen grains are vigorous and can germinate in vitro. The double-hanging fruits of L. sinense are full and normal; at the flowering period, the filaments are long and erect, significantly higher than the stigma. Mature blastocysts are visible in the ovary of both L. chuanxiong and L. sinense, and there is no significant difference in stigmas. The conclusion is that during the development of L. chuanxiong stamens, the
meiosis of pollen mother cells is abnormal, and tetrad, tapetum, filament and other pollen structures develop abnormally. L. chuanxiong has the characteristic of male infertility, which is an important reason for its sexual reproductive disorders.