Despite a decrease in publication, case reports remain essential in medical literature as they offer detailed descriptions of individual patient cases and valuable insights for future management. These reports adhere to a standardized structure comprising sections such as abstract, introduction, case report, discussion, and conclusion. Obtaining informed consent and adhering to guidelines is essential. Case reports contribute to evidence-based medicine by detecting new therapies and adverse events. They also facilitate clear reporting, guideline adherence, and mentorship programs. These reports are vital for documenting rare occurrences, assisting clinicians in timely management, and communicating novel information to busy medical professionals. Following case report guidelines ensures comprehensive and standardized reporting, enhancing the acceptance and quality of case reports, and advancing medical knowledge.

BACKGROUND: Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is ongoing. Finding individuals with DR-TB and initiating treatment as early as possible is important to improve patient clinical outcomes and to break the chain of transmission to control the pandemic. To our knowledge systematic reviews assessing effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of different case-finding strategies for DR-TB to inform research, policy, and practice have not been conducted, and it is unknown whether enough research exists to conduct such reviews. It is unknown whether case-finding strategies are similar for DR-TB and drug-susceptible TB and whether we can draw on findings from drug-susceptible reviews to inform decisions on case-finding strategies for DR-TB.
OBJECTIVE: This protocol aims to describe the available literature on case-finding for DR-TB and to describe case-finding strategies.
METHODS: We will screen systematic reviews, trials, qualitative studies, diagnostic test accuracy studies, and other primary research that specifically sought to improve DR-TB case detection. We will exclude studies that invited individuals seeking care for TB symptoms, those including individuals already diagnosed with TB, or laboratory-based studies. We will search the academic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO with no language or date restrictions. We will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles in duplicate. Data extraction and analyses will be performed using Excel (Microsoft Corp).
RESULTS: We will provide a narrative report with supporting figures or tables to summarize the data. A systems-based logic model, developed from a synthesis of case-finding strategies for drug-susceptible TB, will be used as a framework to describe different strategies, resulting pathways, and enhancements of pathways. The search will be conducted at the end of 2021. Title and abstract screening, full text screening, and data extraction will be undertaken from January to June 2022. Thereafter, analysis will be conducted, and results compiled.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review will chart existing literature on case-finding for DR-TB-this will help determine whether primary studies on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of different case-finding strategies for DR-TB exist and will help formulate potential questions for a systematic review. We will also describe case-finding strategies for DR-TB and how they fit into a model of case-finding pathways for drug-susceptible TB. This review has some limitations. One limitation is the diverse, inconsistent use of intervention terminology within the literature, which may result in missing relevant studies. Poor reporting of intervention strategies may also cause misunderstanding and misclassification of interventions. Lastly, case-finding strategies for DR-TB may not fit into a model developed from strategies for drug-susceptible TB. Nevertheless, such a situation will provide an opportunity to refine the model for future research. The review will guide further research to inform decisions on case-finding policies and practices for DR-TB.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/40009.

A urinary tract stone is a common urologic problem in Asia. In recent years, the incidence of urinary tract stones has increased but tends to be neglected by people with a lack of knowledge and low socioeconomic status. The occurrence of a bladder stone weighing more than 100 grams is unusual. We report the case of a 46-year-old Indonesian male patient who presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain, urinary pain, frequency, urgency, and hematuria. The patient also had severe anemia due to chronic hematuria. The patient then received open cystolithotomy because the ultrasonographic and X-ray findings of the kidney, ureter, and bladder revealed a giant bladder stone. This bladder stone measured 62 × 59 mm and weighed 301 grams. Gender, age, living in a tropical country, and lack of knowledge contributed to the patient\'s neglect of symptoms.

One Health has become a popular approach, and scientific advancements in the field should be easily findable and accessible to a wide range of relevant audiences, from researchers to policymakers, and across sectors. We conducted a systematic narrative review of available scientific publications concerning One Health in the setting of Denmark that were retrievable using \"One Health\" as the key search term. Three searches in two databases yielded 30 retrieved publications, 13 of which were included in the review. The included publications had been published between 2015 and 2021. Twelve of the included publications were co-authored in collaboration across institutes from different sectors. Three of the included publications had focus on antimicrobial resistance, three on disease surveillance and/or control, and five were assessments or evaluations. The overall number of publications identified by a search using \"One Health\" as the key search term was small, and the search identified some publications that were not relevant to One Health. Our work thus highlights a missed scientific and communication opportunity of signposting articles as relevant to One Health. Using the expression \"One Health\" as keyword could help making One Health research more easily findable and thereby obtaining an overview of research in the field.

UNASSIGNED: Across literary fiction, allusions to medical ailments are common. However, in the bibliography of Stephen King, neurological disorders appear to be present disproportionately.
UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of neurologic disorders depicted in the writings of Stephen King.
UNASSIGNED: This study presents data from Stephen King\'s 60 published novels. The frequency, prevalence, lethality, and mortality of each neurological diagnosis found in the characters that appear in the novels are reported.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-eight novels portrayed at least one character with a neurological diagnosis, and in total, 150 characters exhibited a neurological condition. The overall prevalence was 111.2 per 1,000 characters. Their median age was 20 years (range 76), and 61.7% were males. Headache was the most common symptom (35.3%), followed by stroke symptoms in 28.7%. Prevalence was 24.5, 17.8 for headache and epilepsy, respectively. Lethality was 28.7%. The overall mortality rate was 31.9.
UNASSIGNED: The epidemiology described in Stephen King\'s novels parallels that of the real world. The depiction of neurological disorders found in his novels showcases the elevated contribution of neurological disorders to the global burden of the disease, an important message for the readers of his fiction and interest to all neurologists.

BACKGROUND: In Africa, frequent delays in seeking medical attention due to cultural considerations and lack of financial support could explain some particular clinical presentations. An enteroscrotal fistula following an incarcerated inguinal hernia is a rare condition in neonates.
METHODS: A 21-day-old infant was brought to our consultation for persistent stool discharge from the right scrotum for three days. The parents reported an inguinoscrotal swelling that had been evolving for ten days before admission and became painful two days later. He was diagnosed with a case of enteroscrotal fistula. After correction of electrolytes disorders, a laparotomy was performed through a right lower transverse incision. Operative findings were strangulated inguinal hernia with ileal perforation. Resection and end-to-end ileo-ileal anastomosis was performed. He was discharged from the hospital on the 6th post-operative day. No recurrence within the first year of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Thirteen cases have been reported in the literature until now. Most of them were from developing countries, including ours.
CONCLUSIONS: Early seeking medical attention of incarcerated inguinal hernias is necessary to reduce their morbidity and mortality. Paediatricians should emphasize providing adequate information, education and communication during routine examinations of neonates. We advocate the popularization of universal health insurance to facilitate health care.

The COVID-19 global health crisis has led to an exponential surge in published scientific literature. In an attempt to tackle the pandemic, extremely large COVID-19-related corpora are being created, sometimes with inaccurate information, which is no longer at scale of human analyses.
In the context of searching for scientific evidence in the deluge of COVID-19-related literature, we present an information retrieval methodology for effective identification of relevant sources to answer biomedical queries posed using natural language.
Our multistage retrieval methodology combines probabilistic weighting models and reranking algorithms based on deep neural architectures to boost the ranking of relevant documents. Similarity of COVID-19 queries is compared to documents, and a series of postprocessing methods is applied to the initial ranking list to improve the match between the query and the biomedical information source and boost the position of relevant documents.
The methodology was evaluated in the context of the TREC-COVID challenge, achieving competitive results with the top-ranking teams participating in the competition. Particularly, the combination of bag-of-words and deep neural language models significantly outperformed an Okapi Best Match 25-based baseline, retrieving on average, 83% of relevant documents in the top 20.
These results indicate that multistage retrieval supported by deep learning could enhance identification of literature for COVID-19-related questions posed using natural language.

This article analyses two young adult (YA) novels about young men\'s experience of anorexia nervosa (AN), within the dual contexts of medical humanities research into literary depictions of illness, and the broader field of YA literature about AN. While emphasising the importance of diverse literary narratives in order to raise awareness of the prevalence of AN in men and boys, and to contribute to the reduction of stigma, it also considers current research into the potentially harmful triggering effects of AN literature on vulnerable readers. It identifies Anne Percin\'s Point de côté (Side Stitch) (2006) and Simon Boulerice\'s Jeanne Moreau a le sourire à l\'envers (Jeanne Moreau Has An Upside-Down Smile) (2013) as examples of good practice in AN literature, due to their thematic focus on male experience, and because they employ narrative strategies that disrupt reader identification with the anorexic character, and avoid focusing directly on potentially triggering descriptions of anorexic ideas and behaviour. They also contribute to diversifying the portrayal of AN via non-judgmental portrayal of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) themes, a topic absent from equivalent YA novels currently available in English. The article further argues that literature-including fiction-contributes to the overall social and cultural discourse surrounding specific illnesses and is likely to affect patients\' real-world experiences, but that it is a specific kind of discourse in its own right, which demands to be read with the appropriate tools. Its detailed analysis of narrative voice alongside thematic content demonstrates how specific approaches from the field of literary studies may complement empirical research into literature and its place within mental health discourse.

UNASSIGNED: To determine the significance of acute disulfiram poisoning in pediatric population.
UNASSIGNED: Disulfiram poisoning in children is uncommon, can occur in children who have ingested large amount of drug because of careless and unsafe storage. Only few cases have been reported in literature. Although well tolerated by most patients, severe toxic side effects have been also reported including hepatitis, encephalopathy, psychosis, optic, and peripheral neuropathy.
UNASSIGNED: This is a case report of disulfiram toxicity in a 4.5-year girl who ingested 4-5 tablets of disulfiram (approximately 1-1.25 g) accidentally and presented with hypoglycemia and encephalopathy. After initial stabilization in emergency room, the child was shifted to intensive care unit (ICU) where the child was managed conservatively. Blood sugars normalized after 8 hours of admission. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed bilateral globus pallidus hyperintensity in T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DW) images and hypointensity in T1-weighted (T1W) images including diffusion restriction.
UNASSIGNED: Acute disulfiram poisoning can occur in children who have ingested large amount of drug because of unsafe storage. It can lead to hepatitis, encephalopathy, psychosis, optic, and peripheral neuropathy. Mainstay of treatment is supportive care, airway protection, oxygen, and dextrose-containing intravenous fluid should be given.
UNASSIGNED: Acute disulfiram poisoning should be an important differential in diagnosis of any child presenting with idiopathic encephalopathy along with extrapyramidal symptoms with basal ganglia signal changes in MRI of brain in a previously healthy child.
UNASSIGNED: Bhalla K, Mittal K, Gupta A, Nehra D. Acute Disulfiram Poisoning in a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(3):203-205.

BACKGROUND: Parahiatal hernias (PHHs) are rare occurring disease, with a reported incidence of 0.2%-0.35% in patients undergoing surgery for hiatal hernia. We found only a handful of cases of primary PHHs in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present a case of a primary PHH and perform a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS: We report the case of a 60-year-old Caucasian woman with no history of thoraco-abdominal surgery or trauma, which accused epigastric pain, starting 2 years prior, pseudo-angina and bloating. Based on imagistic findings the patient was diagnosed with a PHH and an associated type I hiatal hernia. Patient underwent laparoscopic surgery and we found an opening in the diaphragm of 7 cm diameter, lateral to the left crus, through which 40%-50% of the stomach had herniated in the thorax, and a small sliding hiatal hernia with an anatomically intact hiatal orifice but slightly enlarged. We performed closure of the defect, suture hiatoplasty and a \"floppy\" Nissen fundoplication. Postoperative outcome was uneventful, with the patient discharged on the fifth postoperative day. We performed a review of the literature and identified eight articles regarding primary PHH. All data was compiled into one tabled and analyzed.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary PHHs are rare entities, with similar clinical and imagistic findings with paraesophageal hernias. Treatment usually includes laparoscopic approach with closure of the defect and the esophageal hiatus should be dissected and analyzed. Postoperative outcome is favorable in all cases reviewed and no recurrence is cited in the literature.