丝状真菌对多种底物具有明显的适应性,可以合成大量的次生代谢产物。这些代谢物,响应环境刺激而产生的,不仅具有选择性优势,而且还包括潜在的有害真菌毒素。霉菌毒素,以来自链格孢属的那些为例,曲霉菌,青霉,和镰刀菌物种,对人类和动物健康都有挑战性的危害,因此需要严格的监管控制。尽管有监管框架,霉菌毒素污染仍然是一个紧迫的全球挑战,特别是在谷物基质及其衍生的副产品中,动物饮食的组成部分。旨在减轻霉菌毒素污染的战略包括多方面的方法,包括生物控制方式,解毒程序,和创新的干预措施,如精油。然而,障碍依然存在,强调创新干预的必要性。这篇综述阐明了患病率,健康后果,监管范式,以及关于两种突出的真菌毒素的预防策略的演变,黄曲霉毒素和曲霉毒素A。此外,它探索了新真菌物种的出现,以及使用乳酸菌和芥子油的生物防治方法,强调它们在减轻真菌腐败和霉菌毒素产生方面的功效。通过对这些方面的综合检查,这项审查旨在全面了解霉菌毒素污染带来的多方面挑战,以及为改善其对食品和饲料安全的影响而准备采取的紧急策略。
Filamentous fungi exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse substrates and can synthesize a plethora of secondary metabolites. These metabolites, produced in response to environmental stimuli, not only confer selective advantages but also encompass potentially deleterious mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, exemplified by those originating from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species, represent challenging hazards to both human and animal health, thus warranting stringent regulatory control. Despite regulatory frameworks, mycotoxin contamination remains a pressing global challenge, particularly within cereal-based matrices and their derived by-products, integral components of animal diets. Strategies aimed at mitigating mycotoxin contamination encompass multifaceted approaches, including biological control modalities, detoxification procedures, and innovative interventions like essential oils. However, hurdles persist, underscoring the imperative for innovative interventions. This
review elucidated the prevalence, health ramifications, regulatory paradigms, and evolving preventive strategies about two prominent mycotoxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, it explored the emergence of new fungal species, and biocontrol methods using lactic acid bacteria and essential mustard oil, emphasizing their efficacy in mitigating fungal spoilage and mycotoxin production. Through an integrative examination of these facets, this
review endeavored to furnish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by mycotoxin contamination and the emergent strategies poised to ameliorate its impact on food and feed safety.