Abstract：
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as a class of biopolymers, play pivotal roles in various biological metabolisms such as cell signaling, tissue development, cell apoptosis, immune modulation, and growth factor activity. They are mainly present in the colon in free forms, which are essential for maintaining the host\'s health by regulating the colonization and proliferation of gut microbiota. Therefore, it is important to explain the specific members of the gut microbiota for GAGs\' degradation and their enzymatic machinery in vivo. This review provides an outline of GAGs-utilizing entities in the Bacteroides, highlighting their polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and the enzymatic machinery involved in chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparin (Hep)/heparan sulfate (HS). While there are some variations in GAGs\' degradation among different genera, we analyze the reputed GAGs\' utilization clusters in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), based on recent studies on GAGs\' degradation. The enzymatic machinery involved in Hep/HS and CS metabolism within LAB is also discussed. Thus, to elucidate the precise mechanisms utilizing GAGs by diverse gut microbiota will augment our understanding of their effects on human health and contribute to potential therapeutic strategies for diseases.
摘要：
糖胺聚糖（GAG），作为一类生物聚合物，在各种生物代谢中起关键作用，如细胞信号，组织发育，细胞凋亡，免疫调节，和生长因子活性。它们主要以游离形式存在于结肠中，这对于通过调节肠道微生物群的定植和增殖来维持宿主的健康至关重要。因此,重要的是解释GAG降解的肠道微生物群的特定成员及其体内酶促机制。这篇综述概述了拟杆菌中利用GAG的实体，强调他们的多糖利用位点（PULs）和参与硫酸软骨素（CS）和肝素（Hep）/硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）的酶机制。虽然不同属之间的GAG退化有一些差异，我们分析了乳酸菌(LAB)中著名的GAG利用簇，基于最近对GAG降解的研究。还讨论了LAB中Hep/HS和CS代谢中涉及的酶机制。因此，阐明利用不同肠道微生物群的GAG的确切机制,将增强我们对其对人类健康影响的理解,并有助于潜在的疾病治疗策略.
