采矿活动的过程往往导致酸性矿井排水(AMD)的形成。穿过岩石裂缝和地下河流,AMD很容易进入矿井附近的地下水环境,对水质造成严重污染。为了有效评价受污染矿井水的水质,了解其对矿井周围生态系统的威胁。在这项研究中,四个AMD污染分布区域,贵阳市,毕节市,黔西南州,和贵州省黔东南州,被用作研究区域。利用因子分析(FA)建立了矿井水质评价的复合模型,层次分析法(AHP),和模糊综合评价(FCE)。此外,通过引入加权平均法和水平特征值(J),对水质类型和水体环境质量进行了综合评价,分别。与传统的评价模型相比,AHP-FA-FCE模型在评价指标的选取上具有明显的优势,指标权重的确定,和水质类型的综合评价,得到的评价结果更加合理、准确。主要受矿物氧化因子控制的三个共同因子,人类活动因素,通过FA对原始水化学数据进行降维来提取矿物溶解因子。使用SO42-,对矿井水样的水质进行了评价。Fe,Al,Mn,Na,和F-作为评价指标,结果表明,研究区的矿井水样整体以V类水为主,占总数的77.78%。在对原始数据进行统计分析的基础上,研究发现,受研究区域水-岩相互作用和AMD污染成分的影响,矿井水的水化学类型主要为SO42--Ca-Mg型。四个地区矿井水的水体环境质量,贵阳市,黔西南州,毕节市,和黔东南州,从优秀到贫穷。所有区域的平均水平特征值均大于3,水体整体环境质量较差。研究区强烈的水岩相互作用和采矿活动可能是AMD污染的主要原因。本研究结果可为AMD污染区的水质评价提供一定的理论参考。实践要点:构建了矿井水质评价的复合模型。提出了一种基于因子分析的评价指标选择方法。本研究改进了传统模糊综合评判的加权过程。提出了一种基于加权平均法的水质判别方法。评价了各类矿井水的水环境质量。
The process of mining activities often causes the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Through rock fractures and underground rivers, AMD can easily enter the groundwater environment near mines and cause serious pollution to water quality. In order to effectively evaluate the quality of polluted mine water and to understand its threat to the ecosystem around the mine. In this study, four AMD pollution distribution areas, Guiyang City, Bijie City, Qianxinan Prefecture, and Qiandongnan Prefecture in Guizhou Province, were used as the study area. A composite model for mine water quality evaluation was constructed using factor analysis (FA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Furthermore, by introducing the weighted average method and the level characteristic value (J), the water quality type and the water body environmental quality were evaluated comprehensively, respectively. Compared with the traditional evaluation model, the AHP-FA-FCE model has obvious advantages in the selection of evaluation indicators, the determination of indicator weights, and the comprehensive evaluation of water quality types, and the evaluation results obtained are more reasonable and accurate. Three common factors mainly controlled by mineral oxidation factor, human activity factor, and mineral dissolution factor were extracted by dimension reduction of the original hydrochemical data by FA. The water quality of the mine water samples was evaluated using SO4 2- , Fe, Al, Mn, Na, and F- as evaluation indicators, and the results showed that the mine water samples in the study area as a whole were dominated by class V water, which accounted for 77.78% of the total. Based on the statistical analysis of the original data, it was found that influenced by the water-rock interactions in the study area and the AMD pollution components, the hydrochemical type of the mine water is mainly SO4 2- -Ca-Mg type. The water body environmental quality of mine water in four areas, Guiyang City, Qianxinan Prefecture, Bijie City, and Qiandongnan Prefecture, is from excellent to poor. The average level characteristic value of all the areas is more than 3, and the overall environmental quality of the water body is poor. The strong water-rock interaction and mining activities in the study area may be the main cause of AMD pollution. The results of this study may provide some theoretical reference for the water quality evaluation of AMD-polluted areas. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A composite model for mine water quality evaluation was constructed. A factor analysis-based evaluation indicator selection method is proposed. This study improved the weighting process of the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A water quality discriminant based on the weighted average method is proposed. The water environmental quality of various types of mine water was evaluated.