To determine if the Central Sensitization Inventory questionnaire (CSI) functions as a mental health measure among a cross-section of people seeking musculoskeletal specialty care, we asked: (1) What is the association of CSI total score and item groupings identified in factor analysis with mental health measures? and (2) What is the association between specific CSI items that represent each factor well and specific mental health measures? One hundred and fifty-seven adults seeking specialty care for musculoskeletal symptoms completed the CSI, a measure of catastrophic thinking, and 3 measures of distress (symptoms of health anxiety, general anxiety, and depression). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify item groupings. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 item groupings (factors): (1) thoughts and feelings (mental health), accounting for 52% of the variation in the CSI, (2) urinary and visual symptoms (15%) (3) body aches (10%), and (4) jaw pain (8.1%). More than half the variation in both the CSI total score (51%) and the thoughts and feelings factor (57%) were accounted for by variation in measures of catastrophic thinking and distress. Specific items that account for large amounts of the variation in the CSI also had notable correlations with mental health measures. The strong relationship between the CSI and thoughts and emotions suggests that the CSI functions largely as a mental health measure. If the concept of central sensitization is to help people get and stay healthy, it will depend on evidence that central sensitization can be measured and quantified distinct from mental health.

In times of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been detected that some students are unable to dedicate enough time to their education. They present signs of frustration and even apathy towards dropping out of school. In addition, feelings of fear, anxiety, desperation, and depression are now present because society has not yet been able to adapt to the new way of living. Therefore, this article analyzes the feelings that university students of the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla present when using long distance education tools during COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The results suggest that isolation, because of the pandemic situation, generated high levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, there are connections between feelings generated by lockdown and school performance while using e-learning platforms. The findings of this research reflect the students\' feelings, useful information that could lead to the development and implementation of pedagogical strategies that allow improving the students\' academic performance results.

UNASSIGNED: Reduced kidney function is a risk factor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This association was demonstrated for several kidney function markers, but it is unclear whether integrating multiple measured markers may improve mortality risk prediction.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of serum creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFRcre and eGFRcys; derived by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations], blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and serum albumin among 366 758 participants in the UK Biobank without a history of kidney failure. Fitting Cox proportional hazards models, we compared the ability of the identified latent factors to predict overall mortality and mortality by cardiovascular disease (CVD), also considering CVD-specific causes like coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease.
UNASSIGNED: During 12.5 years of follow-up, 26 327 participants died from any cause, 5376 died from CVD, 2908 died from CHD and 1116 died from cerebrovascular disease. We identified two latent factors, EFA1 and EFA2, both representing kidney function variations. When using the CKD-EPI equation, EFA1 performed like eGFRcys, with EFA1 showing slightly larger hazard ratios for overall and CVD-related mortality. At 10 years of follow-up, EFA1 and eGFRcys showed moderate discrimination performance for CVD-related mortality, outperforming all other kidney indices. eGFRcre was the least predictive marker across all outcomes. When using the EKFC equation, eGFRcys performed better than EFA1 while all other results remaining similar.
UNASSIGNED: While EFA is an attractive approach to capture the complex effects of kidney function, eGFRcys remains the most practical and effective measurement for all-cause and CVD mortality risk prediction.

BACKGROUND: Patient-centered care aims to prevent disease and promote well-being by actively involving patients in treatment and decision-making that is based on respecting the patients and their families. However, no scales have been developed to assess patient-centered care from the nurse\'s perspective. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure nurses\' level of patient-centered communication and confirm its validity and reliability.
METHODS: A methodological cross-sectional study was adopted to develop and validate the Patient-Centered Communication Scale (PCCS). The items were developed through a literature review and online interviews with nurses. Content validity was assessed by experts and the content validity index was calculated. A pretest of the questionnaire was conducted with 10 clinical nurses. To evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency reliability, the PCCS was administered online to 325 nurses in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
RESULTS: The final instrument consisted of 12 items and three factors: (1) information sharing, (2) patient-as-person, and (3) therapeutic alliance. EFA revealed a distinct three-factor structure, explaining 59.0% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the adequacy of the model fit and validated the inclusion of the final items. The Cronbach\'s alpha values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Convergent validity was evidenced by the correlation between the PCCS and a measure of interpersonal communication competence.
CONCLUSIONS: The 12-item PCCS showed good reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity. The scale has utility for measuring the level of patient-centered communication skills in nurses.

UNASSIGNED: Bullying in the nursing work environment has negative consequences for both professionals and institutions. The early identification of this behavior can contribute to a positive organizational climate and better quality of life.
UNASSIGNED: This study analyzed the validity and reliability of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised with nursing professionals.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 350 nursing professionals were included in this methodological study. Multivariate confirmatory factor analysis was based on 4 domains, as in the Portuguese version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. The instrument consists of 22 items that address negative acts committed in the work environment without directly mentioning bullying. Respondents indicate, on a Likert-type scale, how often they experience these acts in their work routine.
UNASSIGNED: The adjusted model of the Brazilian version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised resulted in an instrument with 20 items and 4 distinct domains that presented satisfactory validity and reliability for identifying bullying behavior among nursing professionals.
UNASSIGNED: The Brazilian version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised is a valid instrument for identifying acts of bullying among nursing professionals and can be used in efforts to prevent such behavior in health services.
UNASSIGNED: bullying no ambiente de trabalho da enfermagem acarreta consequências negativas para o profissional e para a instituição. A identificação precoce desse comportamento pode contribuir com um clima organizacional positivo e a qualidade de vida do profissional.
UNASSIGNED: Analisar a validade e confiabilidade do Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised com profissionais de enfermagem.
UNASSIGNED: Estudo metodológico com 350 profissionais de enfermagem. Para a análise, foi utilizada a técnica multivariada de análise fatorial confirmatória a partir de quatro dimensões, de acordo com a versão portuguesa do Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. O instrumento é composto por 22 itens que abordam atos negativos praticados no ambiente de trabalho sem menção direta ao bullying. Os profissionais são convidados a assinalar, em uma escala tipo Likert, com qual frequência vivenciam esses atos em sua rotina de trabalho. Resultados: O modelo ajustado do Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised - versão brasileira resultou em instrumento composto de 20 itens e com quatro domínios distintos, que apresentaram validade e confiabilidade satisfatórias para a identificação de comportamentos de bullying em profissionais de enfermagem.
UNASSIGNED: O Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised - versão brasileira é um instrumento válido para a identificação de atos de bullying entre profissionais de enfermagem e pode tornar-se uma ferramenta para a prevenção desse comportamento nos serviços de saúde.

Urban infrastructure can be depicted as critical facilities for providing urban public services and supporting urban socioeconomic activities. Economic growth, especially the provision of sustainable mobility in urban areas, is found to be reliant on the availability of effective transport infrastructure. Urban transport assets, mainly road and railway infrastructure, have notable influence on the safety and convenient connectivity of economies, communities, and ecosystems. While the vitality of urban transport infrastructure provision is well recognized, its practice is marred by several challenges. Addressing those challenges may require interventions throughout the life cycle of the facilities, including planning, design, construction, commissioning, operation, and demolition phases. This study, however, focuses on formulating key guiding principles and methods for effective design of transport infrastructure in urban areas of Ethiopia. The provision of transport infrastructure requires an effective design methodology throughout the lifecycle of the built element. The study involved a thorough analysis of the literature review to identify the current delivery approaches, and a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 204 (N = 204) was then utilized to determine, based on the opinions of experts, the most efficient methods of delivering transportation infrastructure. A descriptive and factor analysis were utilized to forward the demographic data of the research findings and to identify the key components of transport infrastructure delivery through design, respectively. The study found that the principal components that directly impact the design and delivery process of urban transport are design context, design necessities, institutional competency, and professional competency. It can be concluded that consideration of the principal components at the time of design assignment would facilitate the design products\' effectiveness.

Nurses make decision for patients and the quality of nurses\' decision making can affect patient outcomes. For some reason, nurses are experiencing impaired decision making and it can negatively impact patient care. A valid and reliable instrument to assess decision fatigue may let people know about the concept and guide the development of new policies or interventions for Korean nurses\' decision fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the decision fatigue scale. The design was a cross-sectional descriptive study and convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. A total of 247 nurses from across South Korea participated in an online survey. The survey consisted of demographic questionnaires, decision fatigue scale, nursing practice environment scale, and compassion fatigue scale. It was validated through confirmatory factor analysis that the Korean version of the decision fatigue scale was a single factor with the same structure as the original scale. The Korean version of the decision fatigue scale showed significant correlations with compassion fatigue, and the scale showed appropriate internal consistency. This study established well enough the psychometric characteristics of the Korean version of decision fatigue.

Vaccine hesitancy is an important public health issue referring to concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccination. Within a framework, this study aimed to assess the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Greek version of the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) as well as to identify the determinants of vaccine hesitancy among a large regional population in central Greece. A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 300 adults who had received primary healthcare services in the Health Centers and Local Health Units of the Magnesia Region from October to December 2022. The aVHS and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were used to identify vaccine hesitancy and the dispositional level of optimism, respectively. For survey translation, the procedure of forward and backward translation was followed. Also, the aVHS was tested in a pilot study with a sample of 18 responders. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were investigated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach\'s alpha coefficients, respectively. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine predictors for vaccine hesitancy. Factor analyses indicated that the aVHS comprises two constructs (\"lack of confidence\" and \"risk perception\") explaining 68.9% of the total variance. The Cronbach\'s alpha of the total scale was 0.884, indicating its high internal consistency. Participants who lived in rural areas, had a lower annual income, and reported a lower level of optimism showed a higher lack of confidence in vaccination. On the other hand, people aged above 45 years old who had graduated from high school or elementary school and were unemployed showed greater aversion to the risks of side effects. Finally, certain socio-demographic characteristics were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Our data suggest that the aVHS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring vaccine-related attitudes and perceptions in Greek society, providing meaningful insight into designing vaccination-related preventive interventions in the community.

BACKGROUND: Use of the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH©) would be beneficial for novice debriefers with less or no formal training in debriefing. However, the DASH translated into Korean and tested for psychometrics is not yet available. Thus, this study was to develop a Korean version of the DASH student version (SV) and test its reliability and validity among baccalaureate nursing students in Korea.
METHODS: The participants were 99 baccalaureate nursing students. Content validity using content validity index (CVI), construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency using Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient were assessed.
RESULTS: Both Item-CVIs and Scale-CVI were acceptable. EFA supported the unidimensional latent structure of Korean DASH-SV and results of CFA indicated 6 items converged within the extracted factor, significantly contributing to the factor (p ≤ .05). Items were internally consistent (Cronbach\'s α = 0.82).
CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the DASH-SV is arguably a valid and reliable measure of instructor behaviors that could improve faculty debriefing and student learning in the long term.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Chinese version of the Value-based Stigma Inventory (VASI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, among the general Chinese population.
METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 708 general citizens from Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. The VASI\'s internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were tested to assess the translated scale\'s reliability. Several validity tests were performed, including expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and AMOS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States).
RESULTS: The Chinese version of the VASI showed good reliability, with a Cronbach\'s α value of 0.808, and the dimensions ranged from 0.812 to 0.850. Test-retest reliability showed good temporal stability with a value of 0.855, and the split-half reliability value was 0.845, indicating a high degree of consistency. The scale also demonstrated good content validity with a content validity index of 0.952. After conducting exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure was identified, including factors of self-realization, personal enrichment, reputation, meritocratic values, and security. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all recommended fit indicators were found to be within the acceptable range, including χ2/DF = 1.338, GFI = 0.960, AGFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.031, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.989, IFI = 0.989, PGFI = 0.640, and PNFI = 0.729.
CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the VASI is valid and reliable among the Chinese general public. The five-factor structured scale effectively assessed public stigma against mental illness, including the value orientations associated with personal stigma. Given the harsh and widespread public stigma against mental illness, the findings from the questionnaire may inform the development of future public health education programs. Public health education is needed to reduce the stigma of mental illness, increase public awareness of mental health issues, and mitigate the continued stigmatization of mental illness.