地下管道是天然气输送的关键基础设施,为了安全而战略埋葬,环境,和经济考虑。尽管它们很重要,运营挑战和外部干扰可能导致地下气体泄漏,对人类安全和环境造成潜在的灾难性后果。保护性土壤床的存在在理解地下传输现象和准确量化气体释放方面引入了复杂性。在这里,这篇综述对已发表的地下气体释放领域的研究进行了系统分析,强调连接岩石圈和大气的跨学科方法。分析突出了广泛的采用方法,包括基于基本原理的理论模型,从实验数据得出的经验公式,和复杂的计算工具。明确的基本理解和计算分析,在较小程度上是实验性的,已经建立来描述移民制度。相比之下,更多的实证研究涉及火山口的形成机制,尽管重点是土壤抛射后的远场建模,而不是导致火山口形成的瞬态现象。此外,这篇评论涉及实践和概念主题,如检测和定位技术,以及其他气体流经土壤和粉末床的流态,质疑一些假定的颗粒概念对迁移以外的流动行为的适用性。研究领域主要集中在仅从大气或土壤领域的角度研究释放参数对释放现象的影响。这项工作提供了见解,旨在首先超越两个领域,然后桥接三个不同的流动机制-迁移,隆起,和火山口的形成——尽管人们有限地认识到通过普遍方法同时解决所有制度的必要性。这篇评论为工程师开发创新解决方案以管理与地下气体泄漏相关的风险提供了宝贵的资源。
Underground pipelines serve as critical infrastructure for gas transmission, strategically buried for safety, environmental, and economic considerations. Despite their importance, operational challenges and external interferences can lead to underground gas leaks with potentially catastrophic consequences for both human safety and the environment. The presence of a protective soil bed introduces complexities in understanding subsurface transport phenomena and quantifying gas releases accurately. Herein, this review presents a systematic analysis of published research in the field of underground gas releases, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches that connect the lithosphere and atmosphere. The analysis highlights the broad spectrum of employed methods, including theoretical models based on fundamental principles, empirical formulations derived from
experimental data, and sophisticated computational tools. A clear fundamental understanding and computational analysis, and to a lesser extent
experimental, have been established to describe the migration regime. In contrast, more empirical research has addressed the crater formation regime, though focus was given to the far-field modelling following the soil ejection rather than the transient phenomena leading to the formation of the crater. Additionally, this review touches upon practical and conceptual topics, such as detection and localization techniques, and flow regimes in other gaseous flows through soil and powder beds, putting into question the applicability of some presumed granulated concepts to the flowing behavior expected beyond migration. The research landscape predominantly focuses on investigating the influence of release parameters on the release phenomena only from the atmospheric or soil domain perspective. This work provides insights that aim to first transcend both domains and then bridge the three distinct flow regimes-migration, uplift, and crater formation-despite the limited acknowledgment of the necessity of addressing all regimes concurrently through a universal approach. This review serves as a valuable resource for engineers to develop innovative solutions for the management of risks associated with underground gas leaks.