背景:在英国,独特和不可预见的因素,包括新冠肺炎,英国退欧,和乌克兰-俄罗斯战争,导致了前所未有的生活成本危机,制造第二次卫生紧急情况。我们呈现,旨在审查当前危机的影响的第一批快速审查之一,在人口层面。我们回顾了已发表的文献,以及灰色文学,在短期内检查广泛的身体和精神对健康的影响,mid,从长远来看,找出那些风险最大的人,对系统合作伙伴的影响,包括紧急服务和第三部门,以及缓解策略。
方法:我们通过搜索PubMed,Embase,MEDLINE,和HMIC(2020年至2023年)。我们在Google上搜索了灰色文献,并手工搜索了相关公共卫生组织的报告。我们纳入了干预和观察性研究,这些研究报告了旨在减轻人口水平生活成本影响的干预措施的结果。
结果:我们发现,最有力的证据是寒冷和发霉的家庭对呼吸道相关感染和呼吸道疾病的影响。风险增加的是幼儿(0-4岁),老年人(75岁及以上),以及那些已经脆弱的人,包括那些长期多发病的。进一步的短期影响包括增加身体疼痛的风险,包括肌肉骨骼和胸痛,肠道感染和营养不良的风险增加。在中期,我们可以看到高血压的增加,短暂性脑缺血发作,和心肌梗塞,和呼吸道疾病。从长远来看,我们可以看到呼吸道和心血管疾病的死亡率和发病率增加,以及增加自杀率和自我伤害和传染病的结果。行为的变化可能特别是在食物购买方式和取暖能力的变化方面。系统合作伙伴也受到影响,志愿部门看到更少的志愿者,轻微犯罪和盗窃的增加,导致火灾的替代加热设备,烧伤和烧伤相关入院的增加。为了减轻这些影响,应该提供支持,对最脆弱的人来说,为了帮助增加可支配收入,减少能源费用,并鼓励与能源效率相关的家庭改善。更强有力的联系来弥合自愿,社区,需要慈善和信仰团体来帮助提供额外的援助和支持。
结论:尽管CoL危机影响到整个人群,这些影响在最脆弱的人群中加剧,尤其是年幼的孩子,单亲父母,多代家庭。在社区和社会层面可以做更多的工作来支持最弱势群体,以及那些长期患有多重性疾病的人。这项审查巩固了当前有关生活成本危机影响的证据,并可能使决策者能够更有效地针对有限的资源。
BACKGROUND: In the UK, unique and unforeseen factors, including COVID-19, Brexit, and Ukraine-Russia war, have resulted in an unprecedented cost of living crisis, creating a second health emergency. We present, one of the first rapid reviews with the aim of examining the impact of this current crisis, at a population level. We reviewed published literature, as well as grey literature, examining a broad range of physical and mental impacts on health in the short, mid, and long term, identifying those most at risk, impacts on system partners, including emergency services and the third sector, as well as mitigation strategies.
METHODS: We conducted a rapid
review by searching PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and HMIC (2020 to 2023). We searched for grey literature on Google and hand-searched the reports of relevant public health organisations. We included interventional and observational studies that reported outcomes of interventions aimed at mitigating against the impacts of cost of living at a population level.
RESULTS: We found that the strongest evidence was for the impact of cold and mouldy homes on respiratory-related infections and respiratory conditions. Those at an increased risk were young children (0-4 years), the elderly (aged 75 and over), as well as those already vulnerable, including those with long-term multimorbidity. Further short-term impacts include an increased risk of physical pain including musculoskeletal and chest pain, and increased risk of enteric infections and malnutrition. In the mid-term, we could see increases in hypertension, transient ischaemic attacks, and myocardial infarctions, and respiratory illnesses. In the long term we could see an increase in mortality and morbidity rates from respiratory and cardiovascular disease, as well as increase rates of suicide and self-harm and infectious disease outcomes. Changes in behaviour are likely particularly around changes in food buying patterns and the ability to heat a home. System partners are also impacted, with voluntary sectors seeing fewer volunteers, an increase in petty crime and theft, alternative heating appliances causing fires, and an increase in burns and burn-related admissions. To mitigate against these impacts, support should be provided, to the most vulnerable, to help increase disposable income, reduce energy bills, and encourage home improvements linked with energy efficiency. Stronger links to bridge voluntary, community, charity and faith groups are needed to help provide additional aid and support.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the CoL crisis affects the entire population, the impacts are exacerbated in those that are most vulnerable, particularly young children, single parents, multigenerational families. More can be done at a community and societal level to support the most vulnerable, and those living with long-term multimorbidity. This
review consolidates the current evidence on the impacts of the cost of living crisis and may enable decision makers to target limited resources more effectively.