Mangrove forest is an ecosystem-based solution for disaster risk reduction in the Philippines, but its historical deforestation has hampered its capacity to protect coastal communities. With the increasing occurrence of storm surge in the Philippines, mangrove reforestation projects have received renewed attention, but many have failed. Community participation was deemed to be essential in those projects that did well. Hence, this paper examines successful mangrove restoration and rehabilitation projects in the Philippines to find out how community participation contributed to the accomplishments. The study found that while the transfer of science-based ecological knowledge from project managers to the community is an important factor in ensuring successful initial planning and implementation, its integration into existing local ecological knowledge-\'localisation\' of science-based ecological knowledge or hybrid ecological knowledge formation-helped to facilitate long-term community-based mangrove management beyond project duration by empowering community members and enabling project acceptance and ownership. Still, continuous local institutional support is a necessary anchor for community resilience.
マングローブ林は、フィリピンにおける防災のための生態系ベースのソリューションだが、歴史的な森林伐採により、沿岸地域社会を保護するマングローブ林の力が弱まっている。フィリピンで高潮の発生が増加しているため、マングローブ再植林プロジェクトが再び注目を集めたが、多くは失敗に終わった。マングローブプロジェクトの成功には地域社会の参加が不可欠であると考えられていた。そこで筆者らは、コミュニティの参加がこの成功にどのように貢献したかを調べるために、フィリピンで成功したマングローブの修復および再生プロジェクトを調査した。科学に基づいた生態学的知識 (SEK) をプロジェクト マネージャーからコミュニティに移転することが、初期計画と実装を確実に成功させる上で重要な要素である一方で、SEK と既存の地域の生態学的知識 (LEK) の統合、つまり SEKまたはハイブリッド生態学的知識 (HEK) の形成の「ローカライズ」がコミュニティに力を与え、プロジェクトの受け入れと所有権を可能にすることで、プロジェクト期間を超えた長期的なコミュニティベースのマングローブ管理を促進するのに役立っていることが明らかになった。継続的な地域の制度的支援は、依然として地域社会の回復力に必要な基盤である。.
红树林是菲律宾基于生态系统且减少灾害风险的解决方案，但历史上的森林砍伐削弱了其保护沿海社区的能力。随着菲律宾风暴潮频繁发生，红树林恢复造林项目重新受到关注，但许多项目都以失败告终。社区参与被认为是对于红树林项目的成功至关重要。因此，我们研究了菲律宾成功的红树林恢复和重建项目，以了解社区参与如何促成这一成功。我们发现，虽然将基于科学的生态知识 (SEK) 从项目经理转移到社区是确保成功进行初步规划和实施的重要因素，但将 SEK 与现有的当地生态知识 (LEK) 相结合——SEK 的“本土化”或混合生态知识 (HEK) 的形成——有助于通过赋予社区权力并使项目接受和拥有权来促进项目持续时间之外的长期社区红树林管理。尽管如此，当地机构持续的支持仍然是社区恢复力的必要支柱。.

In the face of the persistent degradation of ecological environments and fragmentation of ecological networks brought about by rapid urbanization, this study focuses on examining the interaction between urban land use intensity and ecological networks in the Xi\'an Metropolitan Region (XAMR), China, and their impact on ecological equilibrium and sustainable development. By comprehensively evaluating the changes in land use intensity in XAMR from 2010 to 2020, the aim is to underscore the pivotal role of ecological networks in maintaining urban ecological balance and promoting sustainable development. The findings indicate a transition in land use intensity in the XAMR from low to high concentration, reflecting an intensification in land resource utilization during urbanization. However, the establishment and management of ecological networks can significantly enhance urban ecological security and biodiversity. Notably, this research identified crucial ecological corridors and source areas, augmenting the connectivity of urban green infrastructure and providing vital support for urban biodiversity. Additionally, a significant finding of this study is the spatial spillover effects generated by socioeconomic factors such as the proportion of tertiary and secondary industries and per capita GDP through the ecological network, which have profound impacts on land use intensity in the surrounding areas. These insights offer a novel understanding of the complex interactions within urban ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of incorporating ecological network construction in urban planning. Overall, through a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the ecological network and land use intensity in the XAMR, this study proposes new directions for urban ecosystem management and land use planning, highlighting the significance of scientific ecological network planning and management in achieving long-term sustainable development in urbanization processes.

Our world has had difficulty meeting humans\' needs in recent years. To ensure that the world can sustain its inhabitability and self-sufficiency in terms of natural resources, it is required to make the total amount of biocapacity areas equal to or higher than the ecological footprint. An analytical study has been carried out to remedy the biocapacity deficit by utilizing this information for Turkey and then these areas are optimized with heuristic optimization techniques. As a result, Artificial Bee Colony provides better objective function results (fewer errors) compared to Particle Swarm Optimization and Global Optimization Method Based on Clustering and Parabolic Approximation in terms of minimum, maximum, average value, and standard deviation. The rates of change according to the current situation of the biocapacity areas in 2016 are 277.97 %, 30.28 %, -29.28 %, 14.97 %, and -44.85 % for cropland, grazing land, forestland, fishing grounds, and built-up land, respectively. Depending on the population growth, these rates should additionally change by 83.24 %, -0.69 %, 3.97 %, 6.22 %, and -14.24 % respectively in 2050. The developed model can be used in industry or within the frame of government development policy and thus the balance between ecological footprint and biocapacity can be kept under control.

Due to ongoing changes and a decline in biodiversity, science today should rely on long-term species-based ecological studies. We have conducted a long-term ecological dynamics study on the water beetle family Scirtidae, which, although it is very abundant in benthic communities, is still poorly studied. The main objective of this study was to investigate the population aspects (composition, diversity, sex ratio) and ecological aspects (emergence patterns, seasonal dynamics and preferences for environmental factors) of the family Scirtidae over 15 years in Plitvice Lakes NP, Croatia. The study was conducted at three sites and in five different substrate types. A total of three taxa with different distributions were recorded in the study area: Hydrocyphon novaki and H. deflexicollis on the tufa barriers and the Elodes sp. in the spring area. The sex ratio was in favour of males in spring and early summer, while it shifted in favour of females towards the end of autumn. The abundance and emergence of the family were primarily determined by the environmental parameters which showed the greatest fluctuations over a period of 15 years: water temperature, water discharge and oxygen saturation. Our results clearly show that Scirtidae can be used as indicators of stream zonation and habitat quality. Based on the methodology and the results of this study, we conclude that Scirtidae should be used in future monitoring and protection measures in karst freshwater habitats in southeastern Europe.

The Great Wall Villages (GWVs) are linked to the Great Wall in history, culture, and ecology. The cultural landscape resilience of Great Wall Villages (CLRGWVs) is distinctly significant. However, it is influenced by urbanization, pollution, and a lack of awareness of cultural landscape protection. Therefore, conservation and development practices still lack scientific strategies and guidance. This study proposes a new assessment system to quantify CLRGWVs, an analysis of the main influencing factors of resilience, and optimization paths to maintain sustainable development. Based on the socio-ecological system, this research designed the assessment with three criteria, eleven factors, and thirty-three indexes from the perspective of CLRGWVs. Furthermore, a demonstration test was constructed in Ningyuanbao Village, Dushikou Village, and Longmensuo Village in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, China. The results showed that there is some disparity between the three GWVs, with the resilience score of Dushikou Village being the highest in terms of resistance and learning. In contrast, Ningyuanbao Village\'s resilience score is the lowest since resistance, recovery, and learning capacity are lower than in Dushikou and Longmensuo. Some influencing factors were found to be highly related to adaptive capacity. Lastly, some low-resilience aspects were identified as critical improvement targets for which corresponding optimization strategies should be proposed. This could be applied to streamline resilience optimization paths according to local conditions. This paper provides new ideas and directions for dealing with the sustainable development of villages and the conservation of cultural landscapes. It will also help villages deal with the relationship between socio-economic development and the conservation of cultural landscapes.

Determining priority areas for territorial ecological restoration in the arid region of Northwest China based on the holistic protection and systematic governance is an important measure to build solid national ecological security barrier and promote the construction of territorial ecological civilization. Taking Zhangye City, a typical arid area city in Northwest China, as an example, we constructed the research framework of \"ecological network-ecological sensitivities-ecological degradation\" from two aspects of internal defects and external threats of ecological networks by using circuit theory and assessment methods of ecological service function importance, ecological sensitivity, and ecological degradation. We then identified the priority areas of territorial ecological restoration in northwest arid region and put forward the restoration strategies. The results showed that the priority areas of ecological restoration in Zhangye City were concentrated in the artificial shelterbelt along rivers and the plain-desert-oasis transition zone with fragile ecology and strong human interference. The ecological network of the study area included 39 ecological sources and 99 ecological corridors, and the highly sensitive and degraded areas were 1595.40 and 6.65 km2. Based on the internal defects and external threats of the ecological network, we identified 31 ecological pinch points, 7 obstacle points, and 753.56 km2 ecological source areas in the territorial spatial ecological restoration priority area. These areas were related to the connectivity of the ecological network internally and the stability maintenance of the ecosystem outwards, and were the areas to restoration in the future. Following the concept of overall protection and system restoration of territorial space, we put forward the idea of territorial space restoration by integrating internal defects and external threats of ecological network, which could provide scientific decision-making basis for comprehensive ecosystem management and territorial optimization of Zhangye City.
基于整体保护与系统治理思维识别西北干旱区国土空间生态修复优先区,是筑牢国家生态安全屏障、推进国土空间生态文明建设的重要举措。本研究以典型西北干旱区城市——张掖市为例,采用生态服务功能重要性、电路理论、生态敏感性及生态退化评估等方法从生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁两方面构建“生态网络-生态敏感性-生态退化”研究框架,识别西北干旱区国土空间生态修复优先区,并提出修复策略。结果表明: 张掖市生态修复优先区集中在生态脆弱且人类活动干扰强烈的河流沿岸人工防护林带及平原-荒漠-绿洲过渡带。研究区生态网络包括39个生态源地和99条生态廊道,高度敏感区和退化区面积分别为1595.40和6.65 km2。基于生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁识别国土空间生态修复优先区31个生态夹点、7个障碍点及753.56 km2生态源地,这些区域向内关乎生态网络的连通,向外维持着生态系统稳定,是未来着重修复的区域。本研究遵循国土空间整体保护、系统修复理念,提出了综合生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁的国土空间生态修复思路,可为张掖市生态系统综合管理及国土空间优化提供科学基础和决策依据。.

This research investigates how establishing national marine parks in China enhances marine tourism ecology. Analyzing data from 52 coastal cities between 2006 and 2019, it uses a multi-period difference-in-differences method to evaluate the parks\' impact on tourism eco-efficiency. The results show that national marine parks significantly improve coastal cities\' tourism eco-efficiency, especially in the Bohai Rim and seaside cities. The study attributes this improvement to the reduction of fixed asset investments, which controls the scale of tourism development. These findings provide vital insights for countries seeking to revitalize their marine tourism sectors through similar ecological restoration strategies.

The ubiquitous presence of water-soluble polymers (WSPs) in freshwater environments raises concerns regarding potential threats to aquatic organisms. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of widely used WSPs -polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)- using a multi-level approach in the freshwater biological model Daphnia magna. This integrated assessment employed a suite of biomarkers, evaluation of swimming behaviour, and proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of three environmentally relevant concentrations (0.001, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) of the tested WSPs from molecular to organismal levels, assessing both acute and chronic effects. Our findings reveal that exposure to different WSPs induces specific responses at each biological level, with PEG being the only WSP inducing lethal effects at 0.5 mg/L. At the physiological level, although all WSPs impacted both swimming performance and heart rate of D. magna specimens, PAA exhibited the greatest effects on the measured behavioural parameters. Furthermore, proteomic analyses demonstrated altered protein profiles following exposure to all WSPs, with PVA emerging as the most effective.

The bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) is an endangered species with a specialist osteophagous (bone) diet. We estimated the survival and productivity of this vulture in the Aragonese Pyrenees, where the main population of the species in Europe is found. We used a database covering a period of 33 years (1987-2020). To estimate the probability of survival, we used Cormack-Jolly-Seber models with a Bayesian approach. Our models estimated a survival rate of 0.90 ± 0.08 in juveniles, 0.95 ± 0.04 in subadults and 0.92 ± 0.05 in adults. The survival probability increased over the study period in adults and subadults but not in juveniles. By contrast, productivity decreased over the same period. Our study provides updated information on the status of two demographic parameters of great importance to the species and allows us to identify the most vulnerable age classes and to plan conservation actions to improve the situation of the species in a territory that is a donor of specimens for reintroduction projects. The estimated survival values suggest that more caution should be exercised when planning these feeding points according to the use the species makes of them.

The ecological security of oasis cities in arid and semi-arid regions is highly susceptible to changes in regional landscape patterns and the degree of coordination between human activities and the environment. At the same time, the ecological security of urban landscapes also profoundly affects the success of regional economic and environmental coordination and development. This study is based on land use data from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, as well as land use data from the natural development scenario (NLD), economic development scenario (ECD), ecological development scenario (ELD) and ecological-economic development scenario (EED) simulated by the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model in 2030. From the perspective of production-living-ecological land (PLEL), it analyzes the changes in the past and future landscape ecological security and coupling coordination characteristics of Bole. The results show that from 1990 to 2020, Bole was mainly dominated by grassland ecological land (GEL) and other ecological land (OEL), accounting for a total proportion of 69.51%, with a large increase in production and living land area; the average value of landscape ecological risk is decreasing, and the landscape ecological security of Bole is developing towards benignity; the area of highly coupled coordination zone is decreasing continuously, while that of basic coordination zone and moderate coordination zone is increasing continuously. Under the 2030 EED scenario, the overall changes in various types of land use are not significant, and the average value of landscape ecological risk is the smallest, but it is higher than that in 2020 as a whole; under EED scenario, the area of highly coordinated zone and moderate coordinated zone is the largest among four scenarios, and the best coupling coordination level among the four scenarios. Landscape ecological security and its coupling coordination will be affected by land use patterns. Optimizing regional land use patterns is of great significance for improving urban landscape ecological security and sustainable high-quality development.