Latin America is one of the most unequal regions in the world. Due to colonization and occupation of the territory, structural inequalities mark people\'s living and health conditions. In health, we can observe how different dimensions of inequalities condition access and user experience in the service. This scoping review aimed to map and analyze the expressions of inequalities in access to health services in Latin American countries from the scientific production of the last ten years, from which 272 articles were selected. The categorical analysis classified articles into five dimensions, which characterize the expressions of inequalities in access to health services: socioeconomic, geospatial, ethnic/racial, gender, and people with disabilities. The most frequent access barriers were socioeconomic or ability to pay, geographic or transportation difficulty, availability of services, cultural/ethnic, communication, and architecture. The main conditioning factors of health inequalities were income, schooling, transportation, and living conditions. Combating health inequalities requires proposing structuring and sectorial policies.
A América Latina é uma das regiões mais desiguais do mundo. Desigualdades estruturais, fruto dos processos de colonização e ocupação do território, marcam as condições de vida e saúde das pessoas. Na saúde, é possível observar como diferentes dimensões das desigualdades condicionam o acesso e a experiência do usuário no serviço. Objetivou-se mapear e analisar as expressões das desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde nos países da América Latina a partir da produção científica dos últimos dez anos. O desenho de estudo foi a revisão de escopo, por meio da qual foram selecionados 272 artigos. A análise categorial permitiu a classificação dos artigos em cinco dimensões, que caracterizam as expressões das desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde: socioeconômica, geoespacial, étnica/racial, gênero e de pessoas com deficiência. As barreiras de acesso mais frequentes foram: socioeconômica ou capacidade de pagamento; geográfica ou dificuldade de transporte; disponibilidade de serviços; cultural/étnica; comunicação; e arquitetônica. Os principais fatores condicionantes das desigualdades em saúde foram renda, escolaridade, transporte e condições de moradia. O enfrentamento das desigualdades em saúde requer a proposição de políticas estruturantes e setoriais.

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) ushered in a transformative era in disability services in Australia, requiring new workforce models to meet evolving participant needs. Therapy Assistants are utilised to increase the capacity of therapy services in areas of workforce shortage. The governance arrangements required to support this emergent workforce have received limited attention in the literature. This review examined the key components and contextual factors of governance in rural settings, specifically focusing on therapy support workers under the guidance of allied health professionals in rural and remote areas. Guided by the social model of disability and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, a realist perspective was used to analyse 26 papers (after deduplication), mostly Australian and qualitative, with an emphasis on staff capabilities, training, and credentialling. Success measures were often vaguely defined, with most papers focusing on staff improvement and few focusing on client or organisational improvement. Consistent staffing, role clarity, community collaboration, and supportive leadership were identified as enabling contexts for successful governance of disability therapy support workers in rural areas. Investment in capability (soft skills) development, tailored training, competency assessment, credentialling, and supervision were identified as key activities that, when coupled with the identified enabling contexts, were likely to influence staff, client and organisational outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore long-term impacts of governance arrangements, educational program accountability, and activities targeted at enhancing staff capabilities.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to summarize the ICF foci, looking beyond body structures and function, and to analyze who has been assessed in research about adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with CP in the phase of transition to adulthood.
METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched using terms related to cerebral palsy, adolescents/young adults, health development, participation, and independence. Studies including youth with CP (13-30 years old) published in English from 2014 to 2021 were considered. The methods of assessment reported in the included studies were used to identify the ICF foci and who was assessed.
RESULTS: In this study, 86 studies were reviewed. The main ICF foci are activity and participation (51% of the studies), personal factors (23%), ICF not covered (14%), ICF not defined (9%), with environmental factors being the least focused ICF component (3%). Most studies assessed AYAs directly (49% of studies).
CONCLUSIONS: Activity- and participation-related constructs are the leading research focus of studies, and more attention is needed concerning environmental factors. AYAs are the main source of information, and the perspectives of other key figures are also being valued. To bridge the gap between child and adult health care, a broader view of health development and approaches to explore AYA developmental issues must be taken.

BACKGROUND: The Sustainable Development Goals have put emphasis on equitable healthcare access for marginalised groups and communities. The number of women with disabilities (WWD) to marry and have children is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these women experience multifaceted challenges to seeking perinatal care in LMICs. The objective of this scoping review is to document key facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care by WWD. We also will propose strategies for inclusive perinatal healthcare services for women with disabilities in LMICs.
METHODS: We will conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (published reports) of qualitative and mixed-methods studies on facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care for women with functional disabilities from 2010 to 2023 in LMICs. An electronic search will be conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Two researchers will independently assess whether studies meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion based on the title, abstract and a full-text review.
BACKGROUND: This scoping review is based on published literature and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences related to reproductive health, disability and inclusive health forums.

BACKGROUND: Around the world, the disability rights movements and the social model of disability have placed emphasis on the importance of social participation for people with disability. People with physical disability who have high and complex support needs often need support to access their communities, however, very little is known about the interaction between support and social participation for this population of people. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature related to the interaction between support and social participation for adults with disability and understand any existing gaps in the literature where further research may be required in order to maximise quality support and social participation.
METHODS: This scoping review will be conducted and reported according to scoping review guidelines outlined by Arksey and O\'Malley and later modified by Levac et al, as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews. Thorough database searches will be conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus. The search will be limited to papers published in English from 2013 onwards. Citations will be uploaded into Covidence and screened by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will extract data regarding participants, housing, support and study characteristics, as well as qualitative and quantitative data relevant to the research question. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise findings. A minimum of three consultants with lived experience of disability will be engaged to review and contribute to the final scoping review paper.
BACKGROUND: It is anticipated that the findings of this scoping review will be made available in peer-reviewed publications and also in plain language formats to ensure accessibility to a wide range of audiences. Ethics will not be required for this scoping review.

Individuals with disabilities are more vulnerable to depression development than the general population. This study sought to map the evidence on current knowledge of depression, intervention strategies, and assessment tools among people with disabilities. This review was conducted following Arksey and O\'Malley\'s scoping review methodology framework. An electronic search was performed on four English databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The original search returned 1802 results, with 1,116 from Web of Science, 626 from PubMed, 25 from Cochrane, and 35 from PsycINFO. After removing duplicates, 786 articles were chosen for the title and abstract screening processes. Finally, 112 full-text publications were deemed eligible, with 41 papers being included in this scoping review for analysis. A large proportion (32; 78.04%) of the studies chosen were cross-sectional, 14 (34.14%) of them reported general disability, 12 (29.26%) used a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depression, and 14 (34.14%) had interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological counseling, social support, and physical activity. All interventions successfully reduced the severity of the depression. Cognitive behavioral therapies and psychological counseling were widely used interventions that had a significant impact on reducing depression. More randomized controlled trials are required, and they should focus on individuals with specific disabilities to provide disability-specific care that can improve the quality of life for disabled individuals.

OBJECTIVE: There is strong evidence that mobility-assistive technologies improve occupational performance, social participation, educational and employment access and overall quality of life in people with disabilities. However, people with disabilities still face barriers in accessing mobility products and related services. This review aims to summarise and synthesise: (1) theories, models and frameworks that have been used to understand mobility-assistive technology access, (2) determinants of access and (3) gaps in knowledge.
METHODS: A scoping review using the five-step framework by Arksey and O\'Malley.
METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and SCOPUS databases for publications published between 2000 and 2024. We searched for articles published up to 20 March 2024.
METHODS: We included English-published literature in peer-reviewed journals that reported (a) barriers to the provision of mobility-assistive technologies, (b) including at least one theory, model or framework and (c) between 2000 and 2024.
METHODS: We extracted the study characteristics, theories, models, framework usage, research recommendations, key findings on mobility-assistive technology barriers and theoretical propositions. We conduct a theoretical synthesis guided by Turner\'s approach.
RESULTS: We included 18 articles that used 8 theories, models and frameworks, synthesised into 9 propositions. The synthesised theory emphasises that mobility is essential for human flourishing, and that certain health conditions may impose restrictions on mobility. This impact can be alleviated by two direct determinants: (1) the provision of suitable services and (2) their comprehensive provision. Policies and costs influence these services indirectly. Environmental and personal factors also affect the use of these services. Ineffectively addressing these determinants can limit access to mobility-assistive technologies and subsequent disabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: Our synthetic model describes the logic of providing evidence-based mobility-assistive technologies, and we identify the determinants of access that can act as targets for future work to improve the provision of mobility-assistive technologies.

This review aims to disclose the gaps and needs for acknowledging the rights to experience motherhood of women with disabilities. To do so, we map how much is known about these women\'s experience with motherhood, shedding light on their sexual and reproductive rights. The present work followed the scoping review by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). This research is structured by elaborating the question, identifying the relevant studies, selecting the studies, extracting the data, sorting, summarizing, and creating reports based on the results. Results: we found 1050 articles, of which 53 were selected for the analysis. considering the different themes, we generated three axes: (1) infantilization, dehumanization, and discredit in the experience of motherhood; (2) obstetric ableism - an expression of violence in obstetrics; (3) reproductive justice - politicize motherhood and care. The study showed the urgent need to regard women with disabilities as people having the right to make sexual and reproductive health choices. Health professionals need permanent education to acknowledge and guarantee such a need as interweaving relationships to reach decision-making and autonomy.
Nesta revisão, buscamos identificar lacunas e necessidades para o reconhecimento do direito das mulheres com deficiência ao exercício da maternidade. Objetivamos mapear o conhecimento referente às experiências com a maternidade dessas mulheres, ressaltando a produção de conhecimento relacionada aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Realizamos uma revisão de escopo conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A pesquisa se sustentou na: formulação da questão; identificação dos estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; extração de dados; separação, sumarização e relatório dos resultados. Resultados: identificamos 1.050 artigos e selecionamos 53 para análise. A separação dos temas convergentes gerou três eixos: (1) infantilização, desumanização e descrédito na experiência da maternidade; (2) capacitismo obstétrico: uma expressão da violência obstétrica; (3) justiça reprodutiva: politizar a maternidade e o cuidado. Concluímos pela urgência de considerar as mulheres com deficiência com direitos de escolhas nas questões referentes à sua saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Os profissionais de saúde precisam de educação permanente para reconhecer e garantir as necessidades como relações de interdependência para decisões e autonomia.

UNASSIGNED: Financial exclusion is a human rights issue affecting health equity. Evidence demonstrates that financial exclusion is exacerbated for people with disability and those in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC). Barriers to financial access include limited demand for services, banking inadequacies in catering to people with disability, and insufficiently accessible information technologies (ICT) and infrastructure.
UNASSIGNED: This scoping review sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of financial inclusion for people with disability in LMIC. As a secondary objective, the study explored the potential of financial education and ICT utilisation as viable strategies for enhancing financial inclusion.
UNASSIGNED: This review utilised the Arksey and O\'Malley framework and PRISMA Checklist for systematic literature examination and data extraction. The WHO\'s Environmental Factors guided the analysis to propose potential interventions and to generate recommendations.
UNASSIGNED: The review analysed 26 publications from various global regions and fields including finance, business, technology, health and disability policy. It identified consistent financial inclusion barriers for people with disability, resulting in a set of global recommendations across attitudes, environment, technology, services, and policy.
UNASSIGNED: Recommendations include using ICT, digital innovation and multi-stakeholder collaboration to address the financial barriers experienced by people with disability. These efforts, rooted in social justice, aim to include people with disability in LMIC as valued financial sector participants, promoting health and equity.
Main findings: There are global access barriers and enablers to financial inclusion for people living with disability. Recommendations to improve access include countering stigma and attitudinal barriers, engaging in user centred design of financial services,providing financial education and ensuring accessibility of assistive technology and ICT, along with the physical environment of the bank.Added knowledge: This study reviews the literature and offers a global overview of financial inclusion for people with disabilities, along with recommendations for universally applicable actions to enhance access.Global health impact for policy and action: Identifying barriers to financial inclusion and suggesting strategies to overcome them provides valuable guidance for policymakers and advocates working to improve access to financial services for people with disability.

Over the past three decades, health equity has become a guiding framework for documenting, explaining, and informing the promotion of population health. With these developments, scholars have widened public health\'s aperture, bringing systems of oppression sharply into focus. Additionally, some researchers in disability and health have advocated for utilizing socially grounded frameworks to investigate the health of disabled people. Yet, naming ableism, much less operationalizing it for the empirical study of health, remains scant. This paper critically reviews the study of ableism as a social determinant of disabled people\'s health within population health research. First, we provide an orientation to the present state of this literature by looking to the past. We briefly trace a history of traditional approaches to studying disability and health and alternatives that have emerged from critiques of the individualized lens that has dominated this work. Next, we delineate the operation of ableism across social levels. We characterize how ableism has been studied in population health in terms of levels of analysis (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and structural) and measures of interest. To conclude, we discuss hinderances to and promising avenues toward population health research that advances health equity for disabled people.