目的:营养在少节性肥胖的开始和进展中起着关键作用,使其成为预防和治疗这种疾病的关键重点。然而,有效对抗肌少症肥胖的特定饮食成分仍然知之甚少。这项系统评价的目的是研究潜在的营养和饮食因素,这些因素可能在老年人群中的肌肉减少性肥胖的发展中起作用。
方法:为了确定相关研究,调查膳食模式/单一食物/营养素或补充剂与节育性肥胖相关结局的关联/影响,进行了全面的文献检索,直到2023年4月。搜索包含多个数据库,包括PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,谷歌学者。两名研究人员进行了严格的评估,包括筛选标题和摘要,回顾全文研究,提取数据,并评估研究的质量。纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表用于观察性研究,而Jadad-Oxford量表用于临床试验。
结果:23项研究(14项观察性研究和9项试验)有37078名参与者,在2012年至2022年之间发布,符合系统评价的条件。在14篇观察文章中,两个侧重于饮食模式,12侧重于食物/卡路里/宏观和微量营养素的摄入量。营养干预措施包括摄入补充剂(即,蛋白质,氨基酸,茶儿茶素,和维生素D)和饮食管理(卡路里限制,低热量生酮饮食,和高蛋白饮食)。适当的饮食因素,例如适当的卡路里摄入量,大量营养素,微量营养素,抗氧化营养素,蔬菜,水果,和整体饮食质量,已被证明可有效预防和治疗与肌肉减少性肥胖相关的参数。低热量饮食和高蛋白摄入的组合方法对于控制老年人的肥胖和肌肉减少症可能是必要的。
结论:研究表明,饮食因素,例如整体饮食质量,适当摄入卡路里和蛋白质,消耗抗氧化营养素,蔬菜,水果,和蛋白质,可能与肌肉减少性肥胖有关.
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of sarcopenic obesity, making it a critical focus for preventing and treating this condition. However, the specific dietary components that effectively combat sarcopenic obesity remain poorly understood. The objective of this systematic
review was to examine the potential nutritional and dietary factors that may play a role in the development of sarcopenic obesity in the elderly population.
To identify relevant studies investigating the association/effects of dietary pattern/single foods/nutrients or supplements with sarcopenic obesity-related outcomes, a comprehensive literature search was conducted until April 2023. The search encompassed multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Two researchers performed rigorous assessments that included screening titles and abstracts, reviewing full-text studies, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies, while the Jadad-Oxford Scale was employed for clinical trials.
Twenty-three studies (14 observational studies and 9 trials) with 37078 participants, published between 2012 and 2022, were eligible for the systematic
review. Of the 14 observational articles, two focused on dietary patterns and 12 on food/calorie/macro- and micronutrient intake. The nutritional interventions included the intake of supplements (i.e., protein, amino acids, tea catechin, and vitamin D) and dietary management (calorie restriction, very low-calorie ketogenic diet, and high-protein diet). Appropriate dietary factors, such as appropriate intake of calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and overall dietary quality, have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating sarcopenic obesity-related parameters. A combined approach of hypocaloric diet and high protein intake may be necessary for managing both obesity and sarcopenia in older individuals.
Studies suggest that dietary factors, such as overall dietary quality, appropriate intake of calories and protein, consumption of antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and protein, may be linked to sarcopenic obesity.