在全球使用的海鲜中,对虾的消费需求很大。然而,这种扩展导致了虾壳废物的大量产生和处置。通过文献检索,据观察,自2020年以来,全球学者对虾壳废物及其甲壳素/壳聚糖表现出前所未有的兴趣。然而,这些新见解缺乏相应和全面的总结和分析。因此,本文详细介绍了提取方法,应用程序,以及虾壳甲壳素/壳聚糖的最新研究进展,包括微纳米衍生物,从2020年到现在。结果表明,化学提取仍然是从虾壳中提取和制备甲壳素/壳聚糖的主要技术。随着进一步的完善和发展,调整化学提取过程中的参数或采用微波和辐射等辅助技术,可以定制具有不同特性的目标产品(例如,脱乙酰度,分子量,和乙酰化程度)根据具体需要。此外,为了追求环保,高效,和温和的提取过程,最近的研究已经转向微生物发酵和绿色溶剂方法的几丁质/壳聚糖提取。除了传统的抗菌之外,成膜,和封装功能,研究壳聚糖在生物医学中的应用,食品加工,新材料,水处理,吸附场逐渐加深。甲壳素/壳聚糖衍生物及其改性产品也是近年来研究的重点。然而,随着快速扩张,几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物的未来发展仍然面临着与不明确的作用机制和与工业规模相关的复杂性相关的挑战。
Shrimp consumption is in great demand among the seafood used globally. However, this expansion has resulted in the substantial generation and disposal of shrimp shell waste. Through literature search, it has been observed that since 2020, global scholars have shown unprecedented interest in shrimp shell waste and its chitin/chitosan. However, these new insights lack corresponding and comprehensive summarization and analysis. Therefore, this article provides a detailed review of the extraction methods, applications, and the latest research developments on chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells, including micro-nano derivatives, from 2020 to the present. The results indicate that chemical extraction remains the primary technique for the extraction and preparation of chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells. With further refinement and development, adjusting parameters in the chemical extraction process or employing auxiliary techniques such as microwave and radiation enable the customization of target products with different characteristics (e.g., deacetylation degree, molecular weight, and degree of acetylation) according to specific needs. Additionally, in pursuit of environmentally friendly, efficient, and gentle extraction processes, recent research has shifted toward microbial fermentation and green solvent methods for chitin/chitosan extraction. Beyond the traditional antibacterial, film-forming, and encapsulation functionalities, research into the applications of chitosan in biomedical, food processing, new materials, water treatment, and adsorption fields is gradually deepening. Chitin/chitosan derivatives and their modified products have also been a focal point of research in recent years. However, with the rapid expansion, the future development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives still faces challenges related to the unclear mechanism of action and the complexities associated with industrial scale-up.