Background: Spinal cord compression is a formidable complication of advanced cancer, and clinicians of copious specialities often have to encounter significant complex challenges in terms of diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Metastatic lesions from cancer are a common cause of spinal cord compression, affecting a substantial portion of oncology patients, and only in the US has the percentage risen to 10%. Acute metastasis-correlated spinal cord compression poses a considerable clinical challenge, necessitating timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent neurological deficits. Clinical presentation is often non-specific, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation and appropriate differential diagnosis. Diagnostic workup involves various imaging modalities and laboratory studies to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of compression. Treatment strategies focus on pain management and preserving spinal cord function without significantly increasing patient life expectancy, while multidisciplinary approaches are often required for optimal outcomes. Prognosis depends on several factors, highlighting the importance of early intervention. We provide an up-to-date overview of acute spinal cord compression in metastases, accentuating the importance of comprehensive management strategies. Objectives: This paper extensively explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, treatment modalities, and prognosis associated with spinal cord metastases. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusions: We aim to help healthcare professionals make informed clinical decisions when treating patients with spinal cord metastases by synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights.

Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is a serious condition and a global health concern, accounting for a significant portion of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. It can lead to sever spinal and neurological complications. The management of ST involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical treatment, surgery and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is crucial through the course of the disease\'s and is tailored for each stage according to the patients\' complaints, and clinical and functional complications. In the case of neurological issues due to spinal compression, rehabilitation aims at overcoming bed confinement complications, involving mobilization techniques, strengthening exercises and related vesico-sphincter disorders (urodynamics, catheterizing). The role of rehabilitation for the management of pain in patients with ST is based on bracing (restricting movements and relieving the pressure on harmed structures), and analgesic physical means (electrical stimulation and massage techniques). Several rehabilitation options may be used to address musculoskeletal complications. Range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening, and posture and balance correction using sensory perception and proprioception techniques, are commonly involved. Cardiorespiratory reconditioning is required to improve respiratory function, walking ability and cardiovascular endurance. Ultimately, rehabilitation allows for the minimization of disability and the prevention of the loss of autonomy, particularly in elderly patients. The advantage of the rehabilitation approach is its multi-optional characteristics including physical therapy, occupational therapy, ergonomic advices and assistive equipment. Despite its crucial role, rehabilitation remains understudied in the management of ST. Thus, the present mini-review aimed to address the rehabilitation options for the clinical features and complications of ST, according to the course of the disease.

Pineal region lesions can result in tectal plate compression, hydrocephalus, and associated symptoms including headache, Parinaud\'s Syndrome, and epileptic phenomena. No studies have looked at the relationship between these lesions and the autonomic nervous system.
To evaluate the clinical presentation of pineal lesions secondary to tectal plate compression with a focus on autonomic dysfunction, a systematic review was completed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Case reports and prospective and retrospective studies on patients with pineal or tectal region lesions were included.
Of 73 identified studies, 43 underwent full text screening. 26 studies (n=363 patients; age range 0-69 years) were included. 47.1% of patients were male (n=171). Obstructive hydrocephalus was identified in 119 patients (32.8%). The most common symptom was headache (n=228, 62.8%), followed by epileptic phenomena (n=76, 20.9%). Vision related symptoms were identified in 88 patients (24.2%). 251 patients (69.1%) had symptoms associated with autonomic dysfunction including dizziness, nausea, pupillary dysfunction, photophobia and fatigue. Of the 200 (55%) patients who underwent surgery, 135 patients (67.5%) had improved or resolved symptoms post-operatively, including 120 patients with improved autonomic dysfunction symptoms.
Though these lesions are most characterized by Parinaud\'s syndrome and hydrocephalus, this review suggests dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system may be at play and require consideration at initial presentation and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord compression is a pathology seen in routine clinical practice. However, there remain a number of unanswered questions around both the understanding of the pathogenesis and the best method of treatment of the condition. This is partly due to the issues of the real-life testing of the physical properties of the spinal cord, either through the use of cadaveric human specimens or through animal testing, both of which have methodological, as well as ethical, issues.
METHODS: This paper details a protocol for a systematic review of the literature on the mechanical properties of the spinal cord. We will conduct a literature search of a number of electronic databases, along with the grey literature, as a single-stage search. All literature will be screened for appropriate studies which will then be reviewed fully to extract relevant information on the methodology and mechanics of the reported testing along with the results. Two reviewers will separately screen and extract the data, with a comparison of results to ensure concordance. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion and independent arbitration as required. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed within the ARRIVE guidelines using the CAMARADES framework and SYRCLE risk of bias tool. A narrative synthesis will be created with the appropriate tables to describe the demographics and findings of the included studies.
CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review described here will form the basis of an understanding of the current literature around the physical properties of the spinal cord. This will allow future work to develop a physical model of the spinal cord, which is translatable to patients for analysis and testing in a controlled and repeatable fashion. Such a model would be the basis for further clinical research to improve outcomes from this condition.
BACKGROUND: Prospero registration number: CRD42022361933.

Classically, neuropathic pain is described as a pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system. However, one must note that the presence of somatosensory pathology alone does not guarantee a progression to neuropathic pain. This is due, in part, to the fact that neuropathic pain is a notoriously complex disease process, involving sensitization of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Its causes are also numerous and varied, including trauma, the compression of a nerve, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and infections. Due to the various manifestations, causes, and symptoms of neuropathic pain, the treatment of this disease process has proved challenging for generations of physicians. This section aims to elaborate on newly proposed mechanisms for pharmacological and targeted therapies, such as neurostimulation, which aim to reduce the negative somatosensory effects of neuropathic pain.

BACKGROUND: A positive experience in mammography is essential for increasing patient attendance and reattendance at these examinations, whether conducted for diagnostic or screening purposes. Mammograms indeed facilitate early disease detection, enhance the potential for cure, and consequently reduce breast cancer mortality. The main objective of this review was to identify and map the strategies aiming to improve the patient experience in diagnostic and screening mammography.
METHODS: This scoping review was performed following the JBI methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches were performed through databases of MEDLINE, Embase.com, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, and three clinical trial registries. This review considered studies evaluating the effect of interventions, occurring within the mammography department, on the patient experience.
RESULTS: The literature search yielded 8113 citations of which 60, matching the inclusion criteria, were included. The strategies were classified into eight categories. The most represented one was breast compression and positioning, followed by relaxation techniques and analgesic care, communication and information, screening equipment, examination procedures, patient-related factors, physical environment, and finally staff characteristics. The studied outcomes related to patient experience were mainly pain, anxiety, comfort, and satisfaction. Other types of outcomes were also considered in the studies such as image quality, technical parameters, or radiation dose. Most studies were conducted by radiographers, on female patients, and none mentioned the inclusion of male or transgender patients.
CONCLUSIONS: This review outlined a diversity of strategies to improve patient experience, although technique-based interventions were predominant. Further research is warranted, notably on psychological strategies, and on men and transgender people.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review provides guidance to healthcare providers and services for better patient/client-centered care.

Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims to systematically review the effect of mechanical stimulation on human osteoblast cell lineage combined with other variables.The PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for studies analyzing the effect of compression and tension on human osteoblasts at different differentiation stages. Studies that used carcinogenic osteoblasts were excluded. In addition, studies that did not analyze the osteogenic differentiation or proliferation of cells were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated using the modified CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist. a total of 20 studies were included. The cells were subjected to tension and compression in 5 and 15 studies, respectively. The application of uniaxial and cyclic strain increased the proliferation of osteoblasts. The same increased pattern could be observed for the osteogenesis of the cells. The impact of the tensile force on the expression of the osteoclastic markers differed based on the loading characteristics. On the other side, the impact of compression on the proliferation of osteoblasts varied according to the magnitude and duration of the force. Besides, different patterns of alternations were observed among the osteogenic markers in response to compression. Meanwhile, compression increased the expression of the osteoclastic markers. It has been shown that the response of the markers related to bone formation or resorption can be altered based on the differentiation stage of the cells, the cell culture system, and the magnitude and duration of the force.

Biomechanical characterization of meniscal tissue ex vivo remains a critical need, particularly for the development of suitable meniscus replacements or therapeutic strategies that target the native mechanical properties of the meniscus. To date, a huge variety of test configurations and protocols have been reported, making it extremely difficult to compare the respective outcome parameters, thereby leading to misinterpretation. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify test-specific parameters that contribute to uncertainties in the determination of mechanical properties of the human meniscus and its attachments, which derived from common quasi-static and dynamic tests in tension, compression, and shear. Strong evidence was found that the determined biomechanical properties vary significantly depending on the specific test parameters, as indicated by up to tenfold differences in both tensile and compressive properties. Test mode (stress relaxation, creep, cyclic) and configuration (unconfined, confined, in-situ), specimen shape and dimensions, preconditioning regimes, loading rates, post-processing of experimental data, and specimen age and degeneration were identified as the most critical parameters influencing the outcome measures. In conclusion, this work highlights an unmet need for standardization and reporting guidelines to facilitate comparability and may prove beneficial for evaluating the mechanical properties of novel meniscus constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The biomechanical properties of the human meniscus have been studied extensively over the past decades. However, it remains unclear to what extent both test protocol and specimen-related differences are responsible for the enormous variability in material properties. Therefore, this systematic review analyzes the biomechanical properties of the human meniscus in the context of the underlying testing protocol. The most sensitive parameters affecting the determination of mechanical properties were identified and critically discussed. Currently, it is of utmost importance for scientists evaluating potential meniscal scaffolds and biomaterials to have a control group rather than a direct comparison to the literature. Standardization of both test procedures and reporting requirements is needed to improve and accelerate the development of meniscal replacement constructs.

The sport and athletic performance industry has seen a plethora of new recovery devices and technologies over recent years, and it has become somewhat difficult for athletes, coaches, and practitioners to navigate the efficacy of such devices or whether they are even required at all. With the increase in recovery devices and tools, it has also become commonplace for athletes to overlook more traditional, well-established recovery strategies. In this narrative review, we discuss recovery strategies in relation to the hierarchy of scientific evidence, classifying them based on the strength of the evidence, ranging from meta-analyses through to case studies and reports. We report that foam rolling, compression garments, cryotherapy, photobiomodulation, hydrotherapy, and active recovery have a high level of positive evidence for improved recovery outcomes, while sauna, recovery boots/sleeves, occlusion cuffs, and massage guns currently have a lower level of evidence and mixed results for their efficacy. Finally, we provide guidance for practitioners when deciding on recovery strategies to use with athletes during different phases of the season.

UNASSIGNED: Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) occurs in 20%-40% of patients and remains a leading cause of morbidity and increased healthcare cost in this patient group. Recently, several studies suggested decreased risk of CR-POPF with the use of peri-firing compression (PFC) technique. The aim of this report was to conduct a systematic review to get an overview of the current knowledge on the use of PFC in DP. In addition, our experience with PFC was presented.
UNASSIGNED: The systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Also, 19 patients undergoing DP with the use of PFC at Oslo University Hospital were studied. The primary endpoint was incidence of CR-POPF.
UNASSIGNED: Seven articles reporting a total of 771 patients were ultimately included in the systematic review. Only two of these were case-control studies examining outcomes in patients with and without PFC, while the rest were case series. These were heterogeneous in terms of staplers used, cartridge selection policy, and PFC technique. Both case-control studies reported significantly reduced CR- POPF incidence with PFC. Eight (21%) of our patients developed CR-POPF after DP with PFC. Only one patient developed CR-POPF among those with pancreatic transection site thickness ⩽1.5 cm.
UNASSIGNED: Evidence on potential benefits of PFC in DP is limited in quantity and quality. Our findings suggest that the use of PFC does not lead to reduction in the incidence of CR-POPF. Yet, there might be a benefit from PFC when dealing with a thin pancreas.