■许多使用踝足矫形器(AFO)的患者的配合度差,疼痛,不适,不喜欢设备的美学,和过度的运动范围限制,这减少了AFO的使用。尽管3D打印踝足矫形器(3D-AFO)会影响患者满意度和整体步态功能,例如踝关节力矩,关节运动范围(ROM),和时空参数,3D-AFO的材料特性和制造过程仍然多种多样;使用3D-AFO进行社区步行的临床效果和对卒中患者的满意度了解甚少。
■案例1:一个30岁的男人,有右基底节出血史,表现为明显的足下垂和genu递归。案例2:一名58岁的男子,有多灶性散见性梗死病史,由于骨盆运动异常,步态模式不对称。案例3:一名47岁男子,有右壳核出血史,由于踝关节痉挛和震颤的增加,最近出现了平衡不良和明显的不对称步态。所有患者均可独立行走。
■在三步行走下评估步态(甚至,不均匀,和楼梯上升/下降)和四个AFO(没有鞋子,只有鞋子,带AFO的鞋子,和具有3D-AFO的鞋子)条件。在使用3D-AFO或AFO进行4周的社区步行训练后,对患者进行了随访。时空参数;关节运动学;肌肉效率;临床评估,包括损伤,局限性,和参与;并评估患者对佩戴3D-AFO的满意度。
■3D-AFO适用于慢性中风患者的社区下床活动,并且在步长上有效,步幅宽度,对称性,踝关节的活动范围,慢性中风患者在表面行走和楼梯上升过程中的肌肉效率。使用3D-AFO进行为期4周的社区步行训练并没有促进患者的参与;然而,它增加了脚踝肌肉的力量,balance,步态对称性,以及有中风史的患者的步态耐力和抑郁降低。参与者对3D-AFO的薄度感到满意,轻量级,穿着鞋子舒适的感觉,和步态可调性。
UNASSIGNED: Many of the patients using ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) experience poor fit, pain, discomfort, dislike of the aesthetics of the device, and excessive range of motion restrictions, which diminish the use of AFOs. Although 3D-printed ankle-foot orthoses (3D-AFOs) affect patient satisfaction and overall gait functions such as ankle moment, joint range of motion (ROM), and temporal-spatial parameters, the material properties and manufacturing process of 3D-AFOs are still diverse; the clinical effects of community ambulation using 3D-AFOs and satisfaction in patients with stroke are poorly understood.
UNASSIGNED: Case 1: A 30-year-old man, with a history of right basal ganglia hemorrhage, presented with marked foot drop and genu recurvatum.
Case 2: A 58-year-old man, with a history of multifocal scattered infarction, presented with an asymmetrical gait pattern due to abnormal pelvic movement.
Case 3: A 47-year-old man, with a history of right putamen hemorrhage, presented with recent poor balance and a prominent asymmetrical gait pattern due to increased ankle spasticity and tremor. All patients could walk independently with AFOs.
UNASSIGNED: Gait was assessed under three walking (even, uneven, and stair ascent/descent) and four AFO (no shoes, only shoes, shoes with AFOs, and shoes with 3D-AFOs) conditions. After 4 weeks of
community ambulation training with 3D-AFO or AFO, the patients were followed up. Spatiotemporal parameters; joint kinematics; muscle efficiency; clinical evaluations including impairments, limitations, and participation; and patient satisfaction with wearing 3D-AFO were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: 3D-AFOs were suitable for
community ambulation of patients with chronic stroke and effective on step length, stride width, symmetry, ankle range of motion, and muscle efficiency during even surface walking and stair ascent in patients with chronic stroke. The 4-week community ambulation training with 3D-AFOs did not promote patient participation; however, it increased ankle muscle strength, balance, gait symmetry, and gait endurance and reduced depression among patients with a history of stroke. The participants were satisfied with 3D-AFO\'s thinness, lightweight, comfortable feeling with wearing shoes, and gait adjustability.