背景:超过2.7亿参与者和128,893名职业球员踢足球。尽管存在UEFA对精英足球营养的建议,在职业和半职业足球运动员中实施这些准则仍然不够理想,强调需要有针对性和个性化的营养策略,以提高对既定建议的依从性。
方法:我们在PubMed中进行了全面搜索,Scopus,WebofScience,和临床试验登记。入选标准侧重于职业或半职业足球运动员,营养或饮食干预,绩效改进结果,和随机临床试验研究类型。我们使用偏差风险2(RoB2)工具评估质量。我们确定了16篇合格文章,涉及310名参与者。在恢复期没有营养干预有效地提高了恢复。然而,几种基于绩效的干预措施显示出积极的效果,例如酸樱桃补充剂,生开心果仁,碳酸氢盐和矿物质摄入,补充肌酸,甜菜碱消费,共生补充剂,和高碳水化合物饮食。这些干预措施影响了足球表现的各个方面,包括耐力,速度,敏捷性,力量,电源,爆炸性,和厌氧能力。
结论:具体策略,比如含有碳酸氢盐和矿物质的溶液,高碳水化合物饮食,和肌酸等补充剂,甜菜碱,还有酸樱桃,可以提高职业足球运动员的表现。这些有针对性的营养干预措施可能有助于优化性能并提供职业足球所需的竞争优势。我们没有发现任何可以促进恢复的饮食干预措施。
BACKGROUND: More than 270 million participants and 128,893 professional players play soccer. Although UEFA recommendations for nutrition in elite football exist, implementing these guidelines among professional and semiprofessional soccer players remains suboptimal, emphasizing the need for targeted and individualized nutritional strategies to improve adherence to established recommendations.
METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and clinical trial registers. Inclusion criteria focused on professional or semiprofessional soccer players, nutrition or diet interventions, performance improvement outcomes, and randomized clinical trial study types. We assessed quality using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. We identified 16 eligible articles involving 310 participants. No nutritional interventions during the recovery period effectively improved recovery. However, several performance-based interventions showed positive effects, such as tart cherry supplementation, raw pistachio nut kernels, bicarbonate and mineral ingestion, creatine supplementation,
betaine consumption, symbiotic supplements, and a high-carbohydrate diet. These interventions influenced various aspects of soccer performance, including endurance, speed, agility, strength, power, explosiveness, and anaerobic capacity.
CONCLUSIONS: Specific strategies, such as solutions with bicarbonate and minerals, high carbohydrate diets, and supplements like creatine,
betaine, and tart cherry, can enhance the performance of professional soccer players. These targeted nutritional interventions may help optimize performance and provide the competitive edge required in professional soccer. We did not find any dietary interventions that could enhance recovery.