铝(Al)是地壳中最普遍的元素,对酸性土壤中的植物有毒。然而,植物可以通过外部排斥(防止铝进入根)和内部解毒(抵消根吸收的有毒铝)来解决铝的毒性。如今,某些类别的外源添加调节因子(EARF),如营养元素,有机酸,氨基酸,植物激素,或者生物炭,等。在降低植物中铝的生物利用度/毒性中起关键作用。大量研究表明,抗Al毒性的调节因子介导Al反应基因和转录因子的表达,从而调节有机酸的分泌,碱化根际pH,调节细胞壁(CW)修饰,改善抗氧化防御系统,并促进细胞内无毒Al的区室化。这篇综述主要讨论了最近和更早发表的论文,以证明铝植物毒性的基本概念。此外,我们全面解释了EARF诱导的植物对铝毒性反应的关键作用。这些信息可以作为提高植物对铝的抗性和增强酸性土壤中易感物种生长的基础。本综述对EARF改善酸性土壤耕地质量具有重要的理论意义。提高作物产量和质量,确保粮食安全。
Aluminum (Al) is the most prevalent element in the earth crust and is toxic to plants in acidic soils. However, plants can address Al toxicity through external exclusion (which prevents Al from entering roots) and internal detoxification (which counterbalances the toxic-Al absorbed by roots). Nowadays, certain categories of exogenously added regulatory factors (EARF), such as nutritional elements, organic
acids, amino
acids, phytohormones, or biochar, etc. play a critical role in reducing the bioavailability/toxicity of Al in plants. Numerous studies suggest that regulating factors against Al toxicity mediate the expression of Al-responsive genes and transcription factors, thereby regulating the secretion of organic
acids, alkalizing rhizosphere pH, modulating cell wall (CW) modifications, improving antioxidant defense systems, and promoting the compartmentalization of non-toxic Al within intracellular. This
review primarily discusses recent and older published papers to demonstrate the basic concepts of Al phytotoxicity. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the crucial roles of EARF-induced responses against Al toxicity in plants. This information may serve as a foundation for improving plant resistance to Al and enhancing the growth of susceptible species in acidic soils. And this
review holds significant theoretical significance for EARF to improve the quality of acidic soils cultivated land, increase crop yield and quality, and ensure food security.