Abstract：
The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of how the perception of rhythmic temporal regularity such as a regular beat in music can be studied in human adults, human newborns, and nonhuman primates using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). First, we discuss different aspects of temporal structure in general, and musical rhythm in particular, and we discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the perception of regularity (e.g., a beat) in rhythm. Additionally, we highlight the importance of dissociating beat perception from the perception of other types of structure in rhythm, such as predictable sequences of temporal intervals, ordinal structure, and rhythmic grouping. In the second section of the chapter, we start with a discussion of auditory ERPs elicited by infrequent and frequent sounds: ERP responses to regularity violations, such as mismatch negativity (MMN), N2b, and P3, as well as early sensory responses to sounds, such as P1 and N1, have been shown to be instrumental in probing beat perception. Subsequently, we discuss how beat perception can be probed by comparing ERP responses to sounds in regular and irregular sequences, and by comparing ERP responses to sounds in different metrical positions in a rhythm, such as on and off the beat or on strong and weak beats. Finally, we will discuss previous research that has used the aforementioned ERPs and paradigms to study beat perception in human adults, human newborns, and nonhuman primates. In doing so, we consider the possible pitfalls and prospects of the technique, as well as future perspectives.
摘要：
本章的目的是概述如何在人类成年人中研究诸如音乐中的常规节拍之类的有节奏的时间规律性的感知，人类新生儿,和使用事件相关脑电位（ERP）的非人灵长类动物。首先,我们一般讨论时间结构的不同方面，特别是音乐节奏，我们讨论了规律性感知的潜在机制(例如，节拍)有节奏。此外,我们强调了将节拍感知与节奏中其他类型结构的感知分离的重要性，例如可预测的时间间隔序列，序数结构,和有节奏的分组。在本章的第二节，我们首先讨论由不频繁和频繁的声音引起的听觉ERP：ERP对规律性违规的反应，例如失配消极性(MMN)，N2b,和P3，以及对声音的早期感官反应，如P1和N1，已被证明有助于探测节拍感知。随后，我们讨论了如何通过比较ERP对规则和不规则序列中声音的反应来探测节拍感知，通过比较ERP对不同节奏位置的声音的反应，例如在节拍上和节拍下或在强和弱的节拍上。最后,我们将讨论使用上述ERP和范式来研究人类成年人的节拍感知的先前研究，人类新生儿,和非人灵长类动物。在这样做的时候，我们考虑该技术可能存在的缺陷和前景，以及未来的前景。
