注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童中最常见的疾病之一,被认为会影响信息过程的早期阶段。时间信息的低效处理,这是一项至关重要的听觉处理技能,表明自己是调查多动症缺陷的潜在候选人。研究领域标准(RDoC),基于神经科学的研究框架,已被引入研究精神疾病,而不依赖于预先建立的诊断类别。在这方面,失配阴性(MMN)被认为是研究ADHD缺陷的理想电生理标记。这项研究调查了MMN分量的振幅和潜伏期的变化,以响应基本声音刺激在怪球任务中的持续时间和刺激间间隔(ISI)的变化。MMN范式用于检查ADHD的持续时间偏差(n=25,84%男性,平均年龄:7.3岁,SD=2.01)与对照组的典型发育(TD)儿童(n=25,72%男性,平均年龄:7.2岁,SD=1.92)。ADHD参与者是从经认可的精神科医生那里介绍的。TD儿童是从社交媒体和在线表格中招募的。两组在性别方面都是匹配的,年龄和智商本研究中进行的心理测试包括康纳斯父母评定量表(CPRS),Gilliam自闭症评定量表|第三版(Gars3),感官概况问卷和爱丁堡手习惯清单。我们的发现表明,在ADHD儿童中,MMN振幅因两个持续时间和基于ISI的偏差而降低。为了更详细地阐述,在Fz,在持续时间和ISI块中,分别,ADHD组的振幅为-1.2097±0.2938和-0.8553±0.4423,而正常组的振幅为-1.8325±0.3689和-2.0855±0.3802。此外,在Cz,与正常组(-2.1319±0.4445和-2.7561±0.4883)相比,ADHD组表现出更短的振幅(-1.2515±0.3261和-0.9367±0.3432),在持续时间和ISI块中,分别。此外,患有ADHD的儿童在两个实验块中显示更长的MMN延迟,暗示非典型的反应。为了提供更多细节,在Fz,ADHD组在持续时间和ISI块中显示出239.68±5.059和226.88±4.885的MMN延迟,分别,而正常组的MMN潜伏期为228.56±6.584和213.56±4.153。同样,在Cz,与正常组(227.52±6.710和218.00±5.261)相比,ADHD组在持续时间和ISI阻滞中表现出更长的MMN潜伏期(234.40±5.741和231.44±5.464),分别。我们的发现是在内部时钟模型的背景下解释的,这涉及由多巴胺(DA)水平调节的内部起搏器的速度。RDoC框架内MMN和听觉时序异常的融合表明它们可能是ADHD的内表型,强调感官加工在理解疾病中的意义。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children that is considered to affect early stages of information processes. Inefficient processing of temporal information, which is a vital auditory processing skill suggests itself as a potential candidate for investigating ADHD deficits. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), a neuroscience-based research framework, has been introduced to study mental illness without relying on pre-established diagnostic categories. In this regard, Mismatch Negativity (MMN) has been considered an ideal electrophysiological marker for investigating ADHD deficits. This study investigates alterations in the amplitude and latency of the MMN component in response to changes in the duration and Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI) of basic sound stimuli within an oddball task. The MMN paradigm was employed to examine duration deviations in ADHD (n = 25, 84% male, mean age: 7.3 years, SD = 2.01) compared to Control group of typically developing (TD) children (n = 25, 72% male, mean age: 7.2 years, SD = 1.92). Participants with ADHD were introduced from an accredited psychiatrist. TD children were recruited from social media and online forms. Both groups were matched in terms of gender, age and IQ. The psychological tests conducted in this study included Conners\' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale|Third Edition (Gars3), Sensory profile questionnaire and Edinburgh Handedness inventory. Our findings revealed reduced MMN amplitudes in response to two blocks of duration and ISI-based deviations in ADHD children. To elaborate in greater detail, at Fz, in Duration and ISI block, respectively, the ADHD group showed an amplitude of -1.2097 ± 0.2938 and -0.8553 ± 0.4423, while the normal group showed an amplitude of -1.8325 ± 0.3689 and -2.0855 ± 0.3802. Additionally, at Cz, the ADHD group exhibited a shorter amplitude (-1.2515 ± 0.3261 and -0.9367 ± 0.3432) compared to the normal group (-2.1319 ± 0.4445 and -2.7561 ± 0.4883), in the duration and ISI blocks, respectively. Furthermore, children with ADHD display longer MMN latencies in both experimental blocks, suggesting atypical responses. To provide more detail, at Fz, the ADHD group displayed MMN latencies of 239.68 ± 5.059 and 226.88 ± 4.885 in the Duration and ISI blocks, respectively, whereas the normal group showed MMN latencies of 228.56 ± 6.584 and 213.56 ± 4.153. Similarly, at Cz, the ADHD group exhibited longer MMN latencies (234.40 ± 5.741 and 231.44 ± 5.464) compared to the normal group (227.52 ± 6.710 and 218.00 ± 5.261) in the Duration and ISI blocks, respectively. Our findings were interpreted in the context of the internal clock model, which involves the pace of an internal pacemaker regulated by dopamine (DA) levels. The convergence of MMN and auditory timing abnormalities within the RDoC framework suggests their potential as endophenotypes for ADHD, highlighting the significance of sensory processing in understanding the disorder.