Abstract：
BACKGROUND: For the first time in two decades, a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the medicinal and ritual plants of southern Africa is presented. This data is analysed and compared with a previous survey done in 2002.
OBJECTIVE: The main aim is to update the checklist of medicinal and ritual plants of southern Africa and to determine the number of new records since 2002. We also provide a high-level perspective on the selection of medicinal and ritual plant species in southern Africa, a taxonomic analysis of the new checklist as well as a chronological perspective on the citation of medicinal and ritual species before and after 2002.
METHODS: The most recently published medicinal and ritual plants checklist for southern Africa was reviewed and updated. A wide range of ethnobotanical literature, including books, field guides and electronic journals, was used. All calculations were done by using formulas and functions in Microsoft Excel and R Studio.
RESULTS: 4120 medicinal and ritual taxa and 3784 medicinal and ritual species have been recorded. Compared with the 2002 checklist, there are 1239 new taxa (1228 new species). A strong correlation between available taxa and selected medicinal taxa exists on order level, which corresponds with the results of an analysis done in 2008. The top 10 species-rich medicinal plant families of southern Africa are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asphodelaceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae and Rubiaceae. Different patterns of plant family representation can be seen across certain cultural healing systems of southern Africa. The species popularity (number of citations) of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Has increased substantially after 2002. Other medicinal and ritual plant species have been consistently researched, such as Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd., Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus, Aloe ferox Mill., Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. and Gunnera perpensa L.
CONCLUSIONS: The numerous new medicinal and ritual plant records that have been reported in the last two decades provide evidence of an incompletely documented ethnobotanical heritage that urgently requires documentation. Patterns of taxonomic diversity on family level indicate distinctive differences between cultural healing systems. Signs of the adaptability and dynamics of traditional healing systems in southern Africa can be seen in the changes in the citation of species over time.
OBJECTIVE: The main aim is to update the checklist of medicinal and ritual plants of southern Africa and to determine the number of new records since 2002. We also provide a high-level perspective on the selection of medicinal and ritual plant species in southern Africa, a taxonomic analysis of the new checklist as well as a chronological perspective on the citation of medicinal and ritual species before and after 2002.
METHODS: The most recently published medicinal and ritual plants checklist for southern Africa was reviewed and updated. A wide range of ethnobotanical literature, including books, field guides and electronic journals, was used. All calculations were done by using formulas and functions in Microsoft Excel and R Studio.
RESULTS: 4120 medicinal and ritual taxa and 3784 medicinal and ritual species have been recorded. Compared with the 2002 checklist, there are 1239 new taxa (1228 new species). A strong correlation between available taxa and selected medicinal taxa exists on order level, which corresponds with the results of an analysis done in 2008. The top 10 species-rich medicinal plant families of southern Africa are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asphodelaceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae and Rubiaceae. Different patterns of plant family representation can be seen across certain cultural healing systems of southern Africa. The species popularity (number of citations) of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Has increased substantially after 2002. Other medicinal and ritual plant species have been consistently researched, such as Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd., Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus, Aloe ferox Mill., Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. and Gunnera perpensa L.
CONCLUSIONS: The numerous new medicinal and ritual plant records that have been reported in the last two decades provide evidence of an incompletely documented ethnobotanical heritage that urgently requires documentation. Patterns of taxonomic diversity on family level indicate distinctive differences between cultural healing systems. Signs of the adaptability and dynamics of traditional healing systems in southern Africa can be seen in the changes in the citation of species over time.
摘要：
背景：二十年来第一次，一个全面的，介绍了南部非洲药用和仪式植物的最新概述。对这些数据进行了分析，并与2002年进行的先前调查进行了比较。
目的：主要目的是更新南部非洲药用和仪式植物的清单，并确定自2002年以来的新记录数量。我们还对南部非洲的药用和仪式植物物种的选择提供了高层次的观点，对新清单的分类学分析，以及对2002年前后引用药用和仪式物种的时间顺序。
方法：审查并更新了最近发布的南部非洲药用和仪式植物清单。广泛的民族植物学文献，包括书籍,现场指南和电子期刊，被使用。所有计算都是通过使用MicrosoftExcel和RStudio中的公式和函数完成的。
结果：已记录了4120种药用和仪式分类群和3784种药用和仪式物种。与2002年的清单相比，有1239个新分类单元(1228个新物种)。在订单级别上存在可用分类单元和选定的药用分类单元之间的强相关性，这与2008年的分析结果一致。南部非洲最丰富的10种药用植物科是菊科，豆科，夹竹桃科,大鱼科，Aspodelaceae，锦葵科,唇形科，禾本科,芦荟和茜草科。在南部非洲的某些文化康复系统中，可以看到不同的植物家庭代表模式。HemerocallideaFisch的物种流行度（引用次数）。&C.A.Mey.2002年后大幅增加。其他药用和仪式植物物种一直在研究，比如非洲蒿。前威尔德.,孔雀鱼（L.)L.Bolus,芦荟铁磨坊.,益母草（L.)R.Br.和GunneraperpensaL.
结论：过去二十年来报道的许多新的药用和仪式植物记录提供了证据，证明了一种不完整的民族植物学遗产，迫切需要文献。家庭水平上的分类多样性模式表明文化康复系统之间存在显着差异。南部非洲传统治疗系统的适应性和动态性的迹象可以从物种引文随时间的变化中看出。
目的：主要目的是更新南部非洲药用和仪式植物的清单，并确定自2002年以来的新记录数量。我们还对南部非洲的药用和仪式植物物种的选择提供了高层次的观点，对新清单的分类学分析，以及对2002年前后引用药用和仪式物种的时间顺序。
方法：审查并更新了最近发布的南部非洲药用和仪式植物清单。广泛的民族植物学文献，包括书籍,现场指南和电子期刊，被使用。所有计算都是通过使用MicrosoftExcel和RStudio中的公式和函数完成的。
结果：已记录了4120种药用和仪式分类群和3784种药用和仪式物种。与2002年的清单相比，有1239个新分类单元(1228个新物种)。在订单级别上存在可用分类单元和选定的药用分类单元之间的强相关性，这与2008年的分析结果一致。南部非洲最丰富的10种药用植物科是菊科，豆科，夹竹桃科,大鱼科，Aspodelaceae，锦葵科,唇形科，禾本科,芦荟和茜草科。在南部非洲的某些文化康复系统中，可以看到不同的植物家庭代表模式。HemerocallideaFisch的物种流行度（引用次数）。&C.A.Mey.2002年后大幅增加。其他药用和仪式植物物种一直在研究，比如非洲蒿。前威尔德.,孔雀鱼（L.)L.Bolus,芦荟铁磨坊.,益母草（L.)R.Br.和GunneraperpensaL.
结论：过去二十年来报道的许多新的药用和仪式植物记录提供了证据，证明了一种不完整的民族植物学遗产，迫切需要文献。家庭水平上的分类多样性模式表明文化康复系统之间存在显着差异。南部非洲传统治疗系统的适应性和动态性的迹象可以从物种引文随时间的变化中看出。
