背景:弓形虫病是由弓形虫引起的全球分布的人畜共患病(T。gondii),专性细胞内原生动物。免疫活性宿主的感染通常进展为轻度或无症状。然而,在免疫受损的个体中,这种疾病会引起严重或致命的症状。
方法:磺胺嘧啶和乙胺嘧啶是两种用作人类弓形虫病标准疗法的药物。虽然它们不会引起慢性感染,它们可能会导致血液毒性,超敏反应,不容忍,致畸作用,胃肠道疾病,和骨骼划行抑制。
结果:效果有限,显著的毒性,对目前治疗弓形虫感染的药物的新耐药性需要研究其他有效的药物,无毒,和耐受性良好的物质。药用植物,传统上,用于治疗传染病的最有希望的来源。
结论:这篇综述提供了有关弓形虫感染的新的治疗和预防方法的数据,该方法基于使用源自天然产物的提取物和/或化合物,据报道,在过去的20年中,这些药物可用作替代治疗方案。
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by Toxo-plasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular protozoan. The infection in immunocompetent hosts usually progresses with mild or no symptoms. However, in immunocompromised individu-als, this disease can cause severe or fatal symptoms.
METHODS: Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are two drugs used as standard therapies for human toxoplasmosis. Although they do not cause chronic infection, they may cause hematological tox-icity, hypersensitivity, intolerance, teratogenic effects, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone mar-row suppression.
RESULTS: The limited effect, significant toxicity, and emerging resistance to current drugs available to treat T. gondii infections require investigating other effective, nontoxic, and well-tolerated al-ternatives. Medicinal plants are, traditionally, the most promising sources used to treat infectious diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides data on new therapeutic and prophylactic methods for T. gondii infection based on the use of extracts and/or compounds derived from natural products, which have been reported to be useful as alternative treatment options in the last 20 years.