PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely implemented around the world as a complementary tool to conventional surveillance techniques to inform and improve public health responses. Currently, wastewater surveillance programs in the U.S. are evaluating integrated approaches to address public health challenges across multiple domains, including substance abuse. In this work, we demonstrated the potential of online solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to support targeted quantification and nontargeted analysis of psychoactive and lifestyle substances as a step toward understanding the operational feasibility of a statewide wastewater surveillance program for substance use assessment in New York. Target screening confirmed 39 substances in influent samples collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants with varying sewershed characteristics and is anticipated to meet the throughput demands as the statewide program scales up to full capacity. Nontarget screening prioritized additional compounds for identification at three confidence levels, including psychoactive substances, such as opioid analgesics, phenethylamines, and cathinone derivatives. Consumption rates of 12 target substances detected in over 80% of wastewater samples were similar to those reported by previous U.S.-based WBE studies despite the uncertainty associated with back-calculations. For selected substances, the relative bias in consumption estimates was sensitive to variations in monitoring frequency, and factors beyond human excretion (e.g., as indicated by the parent-to-metabolite ratios) might also contribute to their prevalence at the sewershed scale. Overall, our study marks the initial phase of refining analytical workflows and data interpretation in preparation for the incorporation of substance use assessment into the statewide wastewater surveillance program in New York.
摘要：
废水流行病学（WBE）已在世界各地广泛实施，作为常规监测技术的补充工具，以告知和改善公共卫生应对措施。目前,美国的废水监测计划正在评估综合方法，以应对多个领域的公共卫生挑战，包括药物滥用。在这项工作中,我们证明了在线固相萃取与液相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用的潜力,可以支持对精神活性物质和生活方式物质的靶向定量和非靶向分析,这是向了解全州废水监测计划在纽约物质使用评估中的操作可行性迈出的一步.目标筛选确认了从10个污水处理厂收集的进水样品中的39种物质，这些污水处理厂具有不同的污水特征，随着全州计划的规模扩大到满负荷，预计将满足吞吐量需求。非靶标筛选优先考虑在三个置信水平上鉴定的其他化合物，包括精神活性物质,如阿片类镇痛药，苯乙胺，和卡西酮衍生物。尽管反向计算存在不确定性，但在80％以上的废水样品中检测到的12种目标物质的消耗率与先前基于美国的WBE研究报告的消耗率相似。对于选定的物质，消费估计的相对偏差对监测频率的变化敏感，和人类排泄以外的因素(例如，如母体与代谢物之比所示）也可能导致其在下水道规模上的患病率。总的来说,我们的研究标志着完善分析工作流程和数据解释的初始阶段，为将物质使用评估纳入纽约全州废水监测计划做准备。
