目标:积雪是城市和农村地区环境污染的独特指标。作为季节性掩护,它积累了排放到大气中的各种污染物,从而深入了解空气污染类型和不同污染源的相对贡献。该研究的目的是分析积雪中微量元素的分布,以评估人为对污染水平的影响,更好地了解生态威胁。
方法:这项研究是在波兰东部卢布林省Wólka村周围的农村地区进行的,在卢布林市的市区,省的首府。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析样品,富集因子(EF),和生态风险指数(RI),进行了计算,以评估金属带来的污染和潜在的生态风险。
结果:研究结果表明,城市地区钠和铁等金属的浓度较高,可能是由于道路盐的使用和工业活动,分别。富集因素表现出显著的人为贡献,特别是对于像钠这样的金属,锌,还有镉,其具有显著高于自然水平的EF值。与农村地区相比,潜在的生态风险评估突显了城市地区相当大的生态威胁,主要是由于较高的金属浓度。
结论:城市和农村积雪之间金属浓度的变化反映了人类活动对当地环境的影响。城市地区表现出更高的污染水平,建议需要有针对性的污染控制政策,以减轻不利的生态影响。这项研究强调了持续监测和全面风险评估对有效管理环境污染的重要性。
OBJECTIVE: Snow cover serves as a unique indicator of environmental pollution in both urban and rural areas. As a seasonal cover, it accumulates various pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, thus providing insight into air pollution types and the relative contributions of different pollution sources. The aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of trace elements in snow cover to assess the anthropogenic influence on pollution levels, and better understand ecological threats.
METHODS: The study was conducted in rural areas around the village of Wólka in the Lublin Province of eastern Poland, and in urban districts of the city of Lublin, capital of the Province. Samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, the Enrichment Factor (EF), and ecological risk indices (RI), were calculated to evaluate the contamination and potential ecological risks posed by the metals.
RESULTS: The findings indicate higher concentrations of metals like sodium and iron in urban areas, likely due to road salt use and industrial activity, respectively. Enrichment factors showed significant anthropogenic contributions, particularly for metals like sodium, zinc, and cadmium, which had EF values substantially above natural levels. The potential ecological risk assessment highlighted a considerable ecological threat in urban areas compared to rural settings, primarily due to higher concentrations of metals.
CONCLUSIONS: The variation in metal concentrations between urban and rural snow covers reflects the impact of human activities on local environments. Urban areas showed higher pollution levels, suggesting the need for targeted pollution control policies to mitigate the adverse ecological impacts. This study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and comprehensive risk assessments to effectively manage environmental pollution.