Abstract：
The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a complex scaffold consisting of actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Although fungi and plants lack intermediate filaments, their dynamic structural network of actin filaments and microtubules regulates cell shape, division, polarity, and vesicular trafficking. However, the specialized functions of the cytoskeleton during plant-fungus interactions remain elusive. Recent reports demonstrate that the plant cytoskeleton responds to signal cues and pathogen invasion through remodeling, thereby coordinating immune receptor trafficking, membrane microdomain formation, aggregation of organelles, and transport of defense compounds. Emerging evidence also suggests that cytoskeleton remodeling further regulates host immunity by triggering salicylic acid signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and pathogenesis-related gene expression. During host invasion, fungi undergo systematic cytoskeleton remodeling, which is crucial for successful host penetration and colonization. Furthermore, phytohormones act as an essential regulator of plant cytoskeleton dynamics and are frequently targeted by fungal effectors to disrupt the host\'s growth-defense balance. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of cytoskeleton dynamics during plant-fungus interactions and provides novel insights into the relationship between phytohormones and cytoskeleton remodeling upon pathogen attack. We also highlight the importance of fungal cytoskeleton rearrangements during host colonization and suggest directions for future investigations in this field.
摘要：
真核细胞骨架是由肌动蛋白丝组成的复杂支架，中间长丝,和微管。虽然真菌和植物缺乏中间丝，肌动蛋白丝和微管的动态结构网络调节细胞形状，司,极性,和水泡贩运。然而,植物-真菌相互作用过程中细胞骨架的特殊功能仍然难以捉摸。最近的报道表明，植物细胞骨架通过重塑响应信号线索和病原体入侵，从而协调免疫受体的贩运，膜微域形成，细胞器的聚集，和防御化合物的运输。新的证据还表明，细胞骨架重塑通过触发水杨酸信号进一步调节宿主免疫，活性氧的产生，和发病相关基因表达。有趣的是,在主机入侵期间，真菌经历系统的细胞骨架重塑，这对于成功的宿主渗透和定殖至关重要。此外，植物激素是植物细胞骨架动力学的重要调节因子，经常被真菌效应子靶向破坏宿主的生长-防御平衡。在这次审查中,我们全面讨论了植物-真菌相互作用过程中细胞骨架动力学的最新进展，并提供了新的见解，解释了病原体攻击时植物激素与细胞骨架重塑的关系。我们还强调了宿主定植过程中真菌细胞骨架重排的重要性，并为该领域的未来研究提供了方向。
