城市化进程,从工业革命开始,在过去的几十年里经历了相当大的增长。城市化强烈影响生态过程,往往是有害的,因为它与绿色空间(植被覆盖的土地面积)的减少有关,自然栖息地的丧失,物种灭绝的速度增加,入侵和外来物种的患病率更高,和人为污染物积累。在城市环境中,绿色空间通过提供许多生态效益和促进人类心理健康发挥关键作用。众所周知,根际中发生的植物和微生物之间的相互作用对植物健康至关重要。土壤肥力,以及植物生态系统的正确功能。DNA测序技术和“组学”分析的日益普及提供了有关成分的越来越多的信息,结构,和根瘤菌群的功能。然而,尽管有大量关于自然/农村环境中根际群落及其与植物相互作用的数据,目前关于城市土壤中与植物根系相关的微生物群落的知识仍然非常匮乏。本综述讨论了植物微生物动力学和驱动根瘤菌群组成的因素,以及有益微生物作为创新生物工具的潜在用途,以应对人类环境和气候变化带来的挑战。解开城市生物多样性将有助于绿地管理,保存,和发展,最终,公共健康和安全。
The urbanization process, which began with the Industrial Revolution, has undergone a considerable increase over the past few decades. Urbanization strongly affects ecological processes, often deleteriously, because it is associated with a decrease in green spaces (areas of land covered by vegetation), loss of natural habitats, increased rates of species extinction, a greater prevalence of invasive and exotic species, and anthropogenic pollutant accumulation. In urban environments, green spaces play a key role by providing many ecological benefits and contributing to human psychophysical well-being. It is known that interactions between plants and microorganisms that occur in the rhizosphere are of paramount importance for plant health, soil fertility, and the correct functioning of plant ecosystems. The growing diffusion of DNA sequencing technologies and \"omics\" analyses has provided increasing information about the composition, structure, and function of the rhizomicrobiota. However, despite the considerable amount of data on rhizosphere communities and their interactions with plants in natural/rural contexts, current knowledge on microbial communities associated with plant roots in urban soils is still very scarce. The present review discusses both plant-microbe dynamics and factors that drive the composition of the rhizomicrobiota in poorly investigated urban settings and the potential use of beneficial microbes as an innovative biological tool to face the challenges that anthropized environments and climate change impose. Unravelling urban biodiversity will contribute to green space management, preservation, and development and, ultimately, to public health and safety.