西兰花,十字花科蔬菜,具有独特的不确定的花序结构,称为凝乳。它是西兰花的主要食用器官,具有丰富的营养价值和保健功效。然而,凝乳的形成和发展机制尚不清楚。在本研究中,茎尖分生组织(SAM)阶段和凝乳的三个不同发育阶段(形成阶段(FS),膨胀阶段(ES),和成熟期(MS))进行鉴定,并进行转录组测序,以揭示与凝乳形成和发育有关的潜在基因和调控网络。结果表明,与SAM发育相关的基因如BolAP1A,BolAP1C,BolCAL,BolAGL6在凝乳根尖芽的异常分化中起重要作用。基因,BolFRI,BolbHLH89,BolKAN4,BolAGL12和BolAGL24在凝乳发育中显示出显着差异的表达模式,可能在调节从花序分生组织(IM)到花分生组织(FM)的过渡中起作用。此外,基因本体论(GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)对差异表达基因(DEG)的富集分析表明,如生长素(AUX),赤霉素(GA),脱落酸(ABA)在SAM的增殖和从SAM到IM的过渡中也起着重要作用。此外,调控光合反应的基因(BolLHCA1,BolLHCB1,BolPsbO,等。)在凝乳扩张过程中对次级IM的分化有关键的参与。与淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关的基因(例如,BolSPS4,BolBAM4)在MS处显着上调,应有助于凝乳的成熟。这些发现为西兰花凝乳形成和发育中涉及的潜在关键调节因子和代谢途径提供了新的见解。
Broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, has a unique indeterminate inflorescence structure known as curds. It is the main edible organ of broccoli and has a rich nutritional value and health benefits. However, the formation and development mechanism of the curd is still not well understood. In the present study, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stage and three different development stages of curd (formation stage (FS), expansion stage (ES), and maturation stage (MS)) were identified and subjected to transcriptome sequencing to uncover the potential genes and regulatory networks involved in curd formation and development. The results indicated that the genes associated with the development of SAM such as BolAP1A, BolAP1C, BolCAL, and BolAGL6 play an important role in the abnormal differentiation of the curd apical buds. The genes, BolFRI, BolbHLH89, BolKAN4, BolAGL12, and BolAGL24, displayed significantly differential expression patterns in curd development may function in the regulation of the transition from inflorescence meristem (IM) to floral meristem (FM). Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicate that
phytohormones, such as auxin (AUX), gibberellins (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) also play an important role in SAM proliferation and the transition from SAM to IM. In addition, the genes regulating photosynthetic reaction (BolLHCA1, BolLHCB1, BolPsbO, etc.) have a key involvement in the differentiation of secondary IMs during curd expansion. The genes associated with the metabolism of starch and sucrose (e.g., BolSPS4, BolBAM4) were significantly upregulated at the MS should contribute to the maturation of the curd. These findings provide new insights into the potential key regulatory factors and metabolic pathways involved in the formation and development of broccoli curds.