研究棕色脂肪组织(BAT)产生的机制和代谢调节对于提高幼年动物的存活率很重要。在本研究中,我们观察到山羊出生后肾周脂肪组织经历了快速的BAT美白。然而,潜在的监管机制仍然未知。为了进一步解决这个问题,我们研究了miRNAs在调节山羊BAT美白过程中的作用。首先,我们使用RNA-seq鉴定了大足黑山羊BAT美白过程中miRNAs的动态表达谱。我们共鉴定出1374个miRNAs,包括408个存在的miRNA,693个已知的miRNA,和273个新的miRNA。通过分析差异表达的miRNA(DEmiRNA),我们发现102个高表达的miRNA,包括chi-miR-144-3p,chi-miR-144-5p,chi-miR-378-5p,chi-miR-136-3p,chi-miR-381,chi-miR-323b,chi-miR-1197-3p,chi-miR-411b-3p,和chi-miR-487a-3p,丰富了BAT。此外,60个高表达的miRNA,包括chi-miR-184,chi-miR-193a,chi-miR-193b-3p,chi-let-7c-5p,和chi-let-7e-5p,富含白色脂肪样组织。对在D0-D28期间线性下调(谱0)或线性上调(谱19)的miRNA的分析发现,这些DEmiRNA主要富集在Hippo信号通路中,细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用,和TGF-β信号通路。此外,我们证实了chi-let-7e-5p促进棕色脂肪细胞的增殖和分化。这些结果应该有助于更好地理解参与山羊BAT美白的miRNAs的分子调控。
A study of the mechanism of and metabolic regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) production is important for improving the survival rate of young animals. In the present study, we observed that perirenal adipose tissue in goats undergoes a rapid BAT
whitening after birth. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. To address this further, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating the
whitening process of BAT in goats. First, we identified the dynamic expression profiles of miRNAs during the
whitening of BAT in Dazu black goat using RNA-seq. We identified a total of 1374 miRNAs, including 408 existing miRNAs, 693 known miRNAs, and 273 novel miRNAs. By analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs), we found that 102 highly expressed miRNAs, including chi-miR-144-3p, chi-miR-144-5p, chi-miR-378-5p, chi-miR-136-3p, chi-miR-381, chi-miR-323b, chi-miR-1197-3p, chi-miR-411b-3p, and chi-miR-487a-3p, were enriched in BAT. In addition, 60 highly expressed miRNAs, including chi-miR-184, chi-miR-193a, chi-miR-193b-3p, chi-let-7c-5p, and chi-let-7e-5p, were enriched in white fat-like tissue. An analysis of miRNAs that were linearly downregulated (profile 0) or linearly upregulated (profile 19) over the D0-D28 period found that these DE miRNAs were mainly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that chi-let-7e-5p promotes the proliferation and differentiation of brown adipocytes. These results should facilitate a better understanding of the molecular regulation of miRNAs involved in BAT whitening in goats.
Goat kids born during the cold season are prone to perishing due to harsh temperatures. However, implementing artificial warming and increasing heat production in goat kids can enhance their survival chances. Newborn Goat kids possess significant amounts of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the perirenal region, and BAT is known to play a vital role in regulating body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis. A preliminary investigation revealed that the perirenal adipose tissue in goat kids undergoes BAT whitening during the first month of life. However, the mechanism underlying BAT
whitening remains unknown. Previous research suggests that miRNAs serve as critical regulators of metabolic homeostasis in adipose tissue. Thus, a comprehensive screening of the expression profile of miRNAs during BAT
whitening in Dazu black goats and subsequent identification of miRNAs that regulate BAT thermogenesis should provide a foundation for future research on BAT development and regulation in goats.