Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the optimal toothpaste for removing coffee-induced stains while also evaluating its impact on tooth enamel through roughness and abraded depth parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of their effects.
METHODS: Three whitening toothpastes and 2 conventional toothpastes were prepared for a simulated brushing procedure on coffee-stained bovine enamel tooth specimens. Using a toothbrushing machine, up to 10,000 brushstrokes were completed, while spectrophotometric readings were taken at designated intervals. A mixed-effects model for statistical analysis determined the effects of toothpaste and brushing on colour change, roughness, and abraded depth.
RESULTS: Whitening toothpastes significantly deviated from the control (P < .001, P < .001, and P < .003, respectively), whereas the conventional toothpaste did not exhibit a significant contrast (P < .081). Regarding colour restoration following coffee staining, whitening toothpastes showed higher restoration than conventional toothpastes. Surface roughness and abraded depth parameters increased with accumulated brushing.
CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hexametaphosphate-containing toothpaste demonstrated the highest efficacy in removing coffee-induced stains and restoring tooth colour. Nevertheless, this stronger whitening effect was associated with increased abrasion. While conventional toothpastes exhibited some whitening effects, the most substantial improvement in lightness was consistently observed with whitening toothpastes.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding how whitening toothpaste affects enamel integrity is crucial for refining formulations and advancing dental care. This knowledge lays the groundwork for more effective oral care products and improved whitening procedures, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of dental treatments.
METHODS: Three whitening toothpastes and 2 conventional toothpastes were prepared for a simulated brushing procedure on coffee-stained bovine enamel tooth specimens. Using a toothbrushing machine, up to 10,000 brushstrokes were completed, while spectrophotometric readings were taken at designated intervals. A mixed-effects model for statistical analysis determined the effects of toothpaste and brushing on colour change, roughness, and abraded depth.
RESULTS: Whitening toothpastes significantly deviated from the control (P < .001, P < .001, and P < .003, respectively), whereas the conventional toothpaste did not exhibit a significant contrast (P < .081). Regarding colour restoration following coffee staining, whitening toothpastes showed higher restoration than conventional toothpastes. Surface roughness and abraded depth parameters increased with accumulated brushing.
CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hexametaphosphate-containing toothpaste demonstrated the highest efficacy in removing coffee-induced stains and restoring tooth colour. Nevertheless, this stronger whitening effect was associated with increased abrasion. While conventional toothpastes exhibited some whitening effects, the most substantial improvement in lightness was consistently observed with whitening toothpastes.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding how whitening toothpaste affects enamel integrity is crucial for refining formulations and advancing dental care. This knowledge lays the groundwork for more effective oral care products and improved whitening procedures, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of dental treatments.
摘要：
目的：这项研究旨在确定用于去除咖啡引起的污渍的最佳牙膏，同时还通过粗糙度和磨损深度参数评估其对牙釉质的影响，全面了解它们的影响。
方法：制备了三种美白牙膏和两种常规牙膏，用于在咖啡染色的牛牙釉质牙齿标本上进行模拟刷牙程序。使用刷牙机，完成了多达10,000个笔触，而分光光度读数是在指定的时间间隔进行的。用于统计分析的混合效应模型确定了牙膏和刷牙对颜色变化的影响，粗糙度,和磨损深度。
结果：美白牙膏明显偏离对照组（分别为P<.001，P<.001和P<.003），而传统牙膏没有表现出显著的对比(P<.081)。关于咖啡染色后的颜色恢复，美白牙膏比传统牙膏显示出更高的恢复效果。表面粗糙度和磨损深度参数随累计刷洗而增加。
结论：含六偏磷酸钠的牙膏在去除咖啡引起的色斑和恢复牙齿颜色方面表现出最高的功效。然而，这种更强的美白效果与磨损增加有关。虽然传统牙膏表现出一些美白效果，增白牙膏始终观察到亮度的最大改善。
结论：了解美白牙膏如何影响牙釉质的完整性对于改善配方和促进牙齿护理至关重要。这些知识为更有效的口腔护理产品和改进美白程序奠定了基础，最终提高牙科治疗的整体质量。
方法：制备了三种美白牙膏和两种常规牙膏，用于在咖啡染色的牛牙釉质牙齿标本上进行模拟刷牙程序。使用刷牙机，完成了多达10,000个笔触，而分光光度读数是在指定的时间间隔进行的。用于统计分析的混合效应模型确定了牙膏和刷牙对颜色变化的影响，粗糙度,和磨损深度。
结果：美白牙膏明显偏离对照组（分别为P<.001，P<.001和P<.003），而传统牙膏没有表现出显著的对比(P<.081)。关于咖啡染色后的颜色恢复，美白牙膏比传统牙膏显示出更高的恢复效果。表面粗糙度和磨损深度参数随累计刷洗而增加。
结论：含六偏磷酸钠的牙膏在去除咖啡引起的色斑和恢复牙齿颜色方面表现出最高的功效。然而，这种更强的美白效果与磨损增加有关。虽然传统牙膏表现出一些美白效果，增白牙膏始终观察到亮度的最大改善。
结论：了解美白牙膏如何影响牙釉质的完整性对于改善配方和促进牙齿护理至关重要。这些知识为更有效的口腔护理产品和改进美白程序奠定了基础，最终提高牙科治疗的整体质量。
