睡眠麻痹(SP)是意识和睡眠的混合状态,结合快速眼动(REM)睡眠和清醒的特征。SP的确切原因未知,其患病率在研究中有所不同。我们的目标是确定SP的全球患病率,受影响人群的特征,和SP的临床表现。我们搜索了三个数据库(PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience(WoS))使用独特的搜索策略来识别符合条件的研究。包括所有确定睡眠麻痹患病率或频率的观察性研究。没有基于国家的排除,种族,或问卷。使用最新版本的R软件(R核心团队,维也纳,奥地利)。该分析包括来自25个国家的76项研究,共有167133名参与者。SP的全球患病率为30%(95%CI(22%,39%))。孤立SP和SP的频率相似(33%,95%CI(26%,42%),I2=97%,P<0.01;31%,95%CI(21%,43%),I2=100%,分别为P=0)。亚组分析显示,大多数经历SP的人是精神病患者(35%,95%CI(20%,55%),I2=96%,P<0.01)。非精神病患者的患病率在学生中(34%,95%CI(23%,47%),I2=100%,P=0)。24.25%的患者报告了听觉和视觉幻觉。大约4%的人只有视觉幻觉。Meta回归显示SP频率与性别之间无相关性。通过目视检查漏斗图的不对称性,在纳入的研究中检测到发表偏倚。我们的发现显示,30%的人口患有SP,特别是精神病患者和学生。大多数SP病例缺乏相关幻觉,而值得注意的比例经历了视觉和听觉幻觉的结合。
Sleep paralysis (SP) is a mixed state of consciousness and sleep, combining features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with those of wakefulness. The exact cause of
SP is unknown, and its prevalence varies among the studies. We aim to identify
SP\'s global prevalence, the affected population\'s characteristics, and the
SP\'s clinical picture. We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS)) using a unique search strategy to identify eligible studies. All observational studies identifying the prevalence or frequency of sleeping paralysis were included. No exclusions are made based on country, race, or questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the latest version of R software (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). The analysis included 76 studies from 25 countries with 167,133 participants. The global prevalence of
SP was 30% (95% CI (22%, 39%)). There were similar frequencies of isolated
SP and
SP (33%, 95% CI (26%, 42%), I2 = 97%, P <0.01; 31%, 95% CI (21%, 43%), I2 = 100%, P = 0, respectively). A subgroup analysis showed that the majority of those who experienced SP were psychiatric patients (35%, 95% CI (20%, 55%), I2 = 96%, P <0.01). The prevalence among non-psychiatric patients was among students (34%, 95% CI (23%, 47%), I2 = 100%, P = 0). Auditory and visual hallucinations were reported in 24.25% of patients. Around 4% had only visual hallucinations. Meta-regression showed no association between the frequency of
SP and sex. Publication bias was detected among the included studies through visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry. Our findings revealed that 30% of the population suffered from SP, especially psychiatric patients and students. The majority of SP cases lacked associated hallucinations, while a noteworthy proportion experienced combined visual and auditory hallucinations.