The article examines the socio-demographic aspects of managing the quality of life of the population in modern conditions. The standard of living of the population is a complex socio-economic parameter that reflects the combined impact of various factors on the nature of the consumer ability of citizens and the ability to maintain a certain lifestyle. Globalization processes in the global economy increase interest in the problem of effective management of the standard of living of the population, since the indicators used to assess the quality of life of the population characterize the development of socio-economic relations in the state. In conclusion, it is concluded that the category «quality of life of the population» is an important indicator of the effectiveness of public management of socio-demographic processes, and demographic processes are one of the key factors in the indicator of the quality of life of the population.

Until recently, in Kazakhstan, both health care services and medication support of population were financed from National budget and compulsory social health insurance foundation. But actual system meet needs of Kazakhstanis in medications not in full measure. The purpose of the study is to identify readiness of citizens to implementation of new medicinal insurance program with state co-financing. The study was carried out in 2022 in 17 regions of Kazakhstan. The readiness of Kazakhstanis to participate in medicinal insurance program with state co-financing was studied through sociological survey of 5 819 Kazakhstanis. The sociological survey revealed that respondents express average degree of readiness to implementation of new medicinal insurance program with state co-financing and to purchasing of insurance policy. The correlation between social demographic characteristics (objective indicators) and readiness indicator (subjective indicator) was revealed. The younger males with higher education, residing in urban areas, with average and high income and officially married are more inclined to purchase insurance policy. At that, according to results of sociological survey, one third of respondents have no relevant information about health insurance in general and medicinal insurance in particular. They found it difficult to express their personal position about this issues. It is supposed that Kazakhstanis in the result of educational measures will take part in medicinal insurance program with state co-financing. The education projects can be implemented through public organizations operating locally and communicating with population at the micro level. It is determined that it is especially important to apply educational measures to rural residents, middle-aged and elderly people, females and persons with low average income per family member.

BACKGROUND: Depression in ageing adults is a public health problem. Worldwide studies have identified social and health risk factors for depressive symptoms. However, little is known about their longitudinal determinants in Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their longitudinal individual and contextual risk factors in Mexican adults aged 50 and older.
METHODS: Secondary data of 6460 persons aged 50 years and older from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were analysed using a \'between-within\' panel data analysis approach.
RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 35% in 2003 to 38% in 2015. The significantly longitudinal factors associated with these symptoms were getting older (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), being a woman (OR 2.39, 95% CI 2.16 to 2.64), less time spent in formal education (0 years and less than 6 years OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.75 and OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.50, respectively), lower net worth (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.17), being recently unemployed (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.25), increased (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.25) or increasing number (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.31) of chronic conditions, poor (OR 4.68, 95% CI 4.26 to 5.15) or worsened (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.61 to 1.81) self-rated health and having impairments on instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (OR 2.94 95% CI 2.35 to 3.67) or a new IADL impairment (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.89), as well as having impairments on ADLs (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.86) or a new ADL impairment (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.48).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Mexican adults aged 50 and older is high. Our findings show that they are longitudinally associated with the individual\'s demographic, socioeconomic, health and disability characteristics. Efforts in public policy should focus on preventing chronic conditions and disability, as well as fighting inequalities to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and determine the factors influencing it in the Drâa-Tafilalet community (southeastern Morocco). Sociodemographic factors, health, cognitive status, sun exposure, and nutritional conditions were examined to help us understand their association with vitamin D status. Vitamin D data were gathered through laboratory testing, while demographic and health information was collected through interviews with participants in 2023. The study involved 100 participants aged 60 and above, most of whom were women (85%) rather than men (15%). The majority of participants were Arabs (90%), with a minority being Amazigh (10%). The average vitamin D level was 31.83 ± 10.55 ng/mL, varying based on participants\' age, education, and gender. Sun-exposed individuals exhibited significantly higher mean vitamin D levels (33.56 ± 11.99 ng/mL) compared to those with limited sun exposure (28.97 ± 9.28 ng/mL). Moreover, the time spent outdoors, seasonal changes, and the duration of sun exposure affected the levels of vitamin D. These findings depict the vitamin D status of the elderly population of Drâa-Tafilalet, recognized as one of Morocco\'s poorest regions, shedding light on the significant influencers. Nonetheless, additional research is necessary to explore the correlation between dietary habits, sunlight exposure, and vitamin D levels in both young and elderly populations.

BACKGROUND: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global concern and has increased in Spain over the last decades. Combinations of lifestyle behaviors (i.e., diet, sleep, and sedentarism) are highly related to weight status. Therefore, this study aimed to identify lifestyle patterns among children from Madrid City, and analyze associations with the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, considering socio-economic factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4545 children from the ENPIMAD study with data on diet, sleep, anthropometric, and socio-economic variables. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify lifestyle clusters, and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between socio-economic indicators and cluster membership, and between clusters and weight status.
RESULTS: Findings show three lifestyle clusters (healthy, mixed, and unhealthy), with boys and older children more represented in the unhealthy cluster. Food insecurity and low socio-economic status were associated with unhealthier clusters in boys and girls. Children in unhealthier clusters were more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity. However, these associations disappeared in girls after controlling for food insecurity.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insight into the combination of behaviors and socio-economic factors associated with childhood obesity that may aid in the design of future interventions.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary approach that has gained popularity in recent years. More and more Spanish people are following this eating pattern, which consists of alternating periods of fasting with periods of food intake. Its benefits include improved metabolic and vascular health and weight loss.
OBJECTIVE: 1. To study the prevalence of IF among the Spanish population. 2. To explore how demographic factors influence the choice to adopt this dietary approach.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population using the NutSo-HH questionnaire, which was constructed, validated, and disseminated by the research team through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach, collecting socio-demographic data and nutritional, social and lifestyle habits of the population.
CONCLUSIONS: A valid sample of 22,181 people participated, of whom 4.59% (n = 1018) said they practiced IF. The data show that more middle-aged men than women practice IF. In addition, individuals who follow IF methods are less likely to have no control over their food intake, are less scared to gain weight and have a higher body image, but no differences were found related to unhealthy food and nights out. There were also no significant differences in terms of the level of education, income, size of municipality, or region of residence. In conclusion, a person who practices IF seems to have adopted a healthier lifestyle and social habits.

Despite a remarkable reduction in global poverty and famines, substantial childhood malnutrition continues to persist. In 2017, over 50 million and 150 million young children suffered from acute malnutrition (wasting) and chronic malnutrition (stunting), respectively. Yet, the measurable impact of determinants is obscure. We evaluate proposed socio-environmental related determinants of stunting and wasting across Kenya and Nigeria and quantify their effectiveness. We combine health and demographic data from Kenya and Nigeria Demographic Health Surveys (2003, 2008-2009, 2013, 2014) with spatially explicit precipitation, temperature, and vegetation data. Geospatial and disaggregated data help to understand better who is at risk and where to target mitigation efforts. We evaluate the responsiveness of malnutrition indicators using a four-level random intercept hierarchical generalized logit model. We find that spatial and hierarchical relationships explain 28% to 36% of malnutrition outcome variation. Temporal variation in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation corresponds with more than a 50% change in malnutrition rates. Wasting is most impacted by mother\'s education, family wealth, clinical delivery, and vaccinations. Stunting is most impacted by family wealth, mother\'s education, clinical delivery, vaccinations, and children asymptomatic of fever, cough, or diarrhea. Remotely monitored climatic variables are powerful determinants, however, their effects are inconsistent across different indicators and locations.

BACKGROUND: Empirical evaluation of inverse probability weighting (IPW) for self-selection bias correction is inaccessible without the full source population. We aimed to: (i) investigate how self-selection biases frequency and association measures and (ii) assess self-selection bias correction using IPW in a cohort with register linkage.
METHODS: The source population included 17 936 individuals invited to the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank during 2009-11 (ages 49-63 years). Participants counted 7185 (40.1%). Register data were obtained for every invited person from 7 years before invitation to the end of 2020. The association between education and mortality was estimated using Cox regression models among participants, IPW participants and the source population.
RESULTS: Participants had higher socioeconomic position and fewer hospital contacts before baseline than the source population. Frequency measures of participants approached those of the source population after IPW. Compared with primary/lower secondary education, upper secondary, short tertiary, bachelor and master/doctoral were associated with reduced risk of death among participants (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.60 [0.46; 0.77], 0.68 [0.42; 1.11], 0.37 [0.25; 0.54], 0.28 [0.18; 0.46], respectively). IPW changed the estimates marginally (0.59 [0.45; 0.77], 0.57 [0.34; 0.93], 0.34 [0.23; 0.50], 0.24 [0.15; 0.39]) but not only towards those of the source population (0.57 [0.51; 0.64], 0.43 [0.32; 0.60], 0.38 [0.32; 0.47], 0.22 [0.16; 0.29]).
CONCLUSIONS: Frequency measures of study participants may not reflect the source population in the presence of self-selection, but the impact on association measures can be limited. IPW may be useful for (self-)selection bias correction, but the returned results can still reflect residual or other biases and random errors.

We aimed to assess the association between medical financial hardship and psychological burden and the moderating role of social and mental health support. 2021 United States National Health Interview Survey was used. Financial hardship was defined as having financial worry, material hardship, or cost-related care nonadherence. Psychological burden was measured using perceived general health status, satisfaction with life, and serious psychological distress (SPD). Of 29,370 included adults, 49% experienced financial hardship in the last 12 months. Financial hardship was associated with a higher psychological burden (odds ratio [OR], 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.43-5.47 for SPD). Eleven percent received counseling/therapy from mental health professionals, and 90% had experienced frequent social support. Frequent social support was associated with lower financial hardship (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.80) and psychological burden (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.42 for SPD). Previous mental health support was associated with higher financial hardship (OR,1.40; 95% CI, 1.28-1.54) and psychological burden (OR, 9.75; 95% CI, 6.97-13.94 for SPD). Those experiencing financial hardship had lower odds of SPD if they received mental health support in the last 12 months (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.85). Future interventions should also focus on improving social support and mental health for patients as a way of mitigating medical financial hardship.

Umbilical cord care remains a critical aspect of newborn health, yet practices vary significantly across different cultures and healthcare settings. This paper aims to provide an updated synthesis of the factors influencing umbilical cord care among mothers. The umbilical cord is a vital link between the fetus and the placenta during pregnancy, but after birth, it requires proper care to prevent infections. Numerous factors influence a mother\'s approach to umbilical cord care, including cultural beliefs, socio-economic status, access to healthcare information, and traditional practices passed down through generations. Understanding these factors is crucial for healthcare providers to offer tailored guidance and support to mothers, ensuring the optimal care for newborns. This paper examines recent research and literature encompassing diverse cultural perspectives, socio-economic considerations, healthcare access, and educational interventions related to umbilical cord care. It also highlights the impact of technological advancements, such as telemedicine and digital health platforms, in disseminating crucial information to mothers, especially in remote or underserved areas. Moreover, the review delves into the role of healthcare professionals in promoting evidence-based practices and addressing misconceptions regarding umbilical cord care. It emphasizes the importance of culturally sensitive and context-specific interventions in enhancing maternal knowledge and practices related to neonatal care. In conclusion, this review presents an updated overview of the multifactorial influences on umbilical cord care among mothers. It calls for continued research and concerted efforts to bridge gaps in knowledge, cultural beliefs, and healthcare access, ultimately contributing to the promotion of optimal newborn health outcomes.