BACKGROUND: Consumer products such as electrical shavers exert a combination of dynamic loading in the form of pressure and shear on the skin. This mechanical stimulus can lead to discomfort and skin tissue responses characterised as \"Skin Sensitivity\". To minimise discomfort following shaving, there is a need to establish specific stimulus-response relationships using advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT).
OBJECTIVE: To explore the spatial and temporal changes in skin morphology and microvascular function following an electrical shaving stimulus.
METHODS: Ten healthy male volunteers were recruited. The study included a 60-s electrical shaving stimulus on the forearm, cheek and neck. Skin parameters were recorded at baseline, 20 min post stimulus and 24 h post stimulus. Structural and dynamic skin parameters were estimated using OCT, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was recorded to provide reference values for skin barrier function.
RESULTS: At baseline, six of the eight parameters revealed statistically significant differences between the forearm and the facial sites, while only surface roughness (Rq) and reflectivity were statistically different (p < 0.05) between the cheek and neck. At 20 min post shaving, there was a significant increase in the TEWL values accompanied by increased blood perfusion, with varying magnitude of change dependent on the anatomical site. Recovery characteristics were observed 24 h post stimulus with most parameters returning to basal values, highlighting the transient influence of the stimulus.
CONCLUSIONS: OCT parameters revealed spatial and temporal differences in the skin tissue response to electrical shaving. This approach could inform shaver design and prevent skin sensitivity.

This study explored the potential of perfumery compounds as sources of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) inhibitors that could be formulated for effective delivery to the skin and airways. A highly potent, small, and selective TRPA1 inhibitor, 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-pentanol (1), was discovered in perfumery compounds. Compound 1 demonstrated promising inhibitory activity against a broad range of TRPA1 agonists. A single stereoisomer of 1 was identified as the most effective TRPA1 inhibitor, indicating the potential for stereoselective synthesis to enhance its potency. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship of 1 was evaluated to elucidate the structural features of TRPA1 inhibitors within the fragrance-like compounds. Notably, the topical application of 1 alleviated sensory irritation in individuals with sensitive skin, while the inhalation of 1 resulted in a significant reduction in ammonia irritation, underscoring its efficacy in both skin and airway applications.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with erythema, inflammation and skin sensitivity.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit of a dermocosmetic cream (DC cream) containing Sphingobioma xenophaga extract and soothing agent in adult females with rosacea-associated erythema and sensitive skin.
METHODS: During phase 1, DC was applied twice daily on the randomized half-face and compared to usual-skincare (USC) for 28 days. During phase 2, DC was applied on the full face twice daily for 56 days. Clinical, instrumental and skin sensitivity assessments were performed at all visits; demodex density (standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) method) was performed at baseline and D28, quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the stigmatization questionnaire (SQ), Rosacea Quality of Life index (ROSAQoL) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at baseline and D84.
RESULTS: At D28, a significant benefit of DC over USC was observed for erythema, tightness, burning and stinging (all p ≤ 0.05), erythema measured by chromameter (p < 0.01), corneometry and transepidermal water loss (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), skin sensitivity (p < 0.001) and significant reduction of mean demodex density (p < 0.05) on the DC side. At D84, DC significantly (all p < 0.05) improved clinical signs and symptoms on both sides of the face compared to baseline; SQ, ROSAQoL and DLQI scores improved by 40.4%, 25.0% and 55.7%, respectively compared to baseline. Tolerance was excellent.
CONCLUSIONS: DC significantly improved erythema, skin sensitivity, demodex count, QoL and feeling of stigmatization of subjects with rosacea and is very well tolerated.

BACKGROUND: While treatment is a definitive therapeutic component in the management of inflammatory skin conditions, adjunctive skin care comprising of appropriate cleansing, moisturization, and photoprotection are just as important. Cleansing, treatment, moisturization, and photoprotection (CTMP) constitute the four major components of holistic skincare routine for dermatological conditions. However, inadequate patient understanding of the condition, limited resources for physicians, and insufficient time for patient education during busy dermatological consultations are the main obstacles to establishing a holistic skincare routine in the real world.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify key challenges in the implementation of a holistic skincare routine, and offer practical guidance to physicians to improve adoption in the management of acne, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and sensitive skin syndrome.
METHODS: An expert panel comprising of nine dermatologists from Australia, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand convened to develop consensus statements to stimulate real-world adoption of holistic skincare routine in acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and sensitive skin syndrome using the Delphi approach.
RESULTS: Consensus was defined as ≥80% of panel rating statement as ≥8 or median rating of ≥8. The final statements were collated to develop consensus recommendations to encourage adoption of holistic skincare routine.
CONCLUSIONS: Promoting patient education on the skin condition, training support staff in patient counseling, and offering physician training opportunities are the key strategies to encourage real-world adoption of CTMP as a holistic skincare routine. The consensus recommendations presented here should be considered in all dermatology patients to accomplish the ultimate goals of improved treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study on women with sensitive skin of various skin tones to analyse their skin characteristics and preferences for foundation shades.
METHODS: Volunteers were categorized based on their individual typological angle, and their preferences were assessed using self-perception and software-based mass aesthetic assessment. The Baumann Questionnaire is a valuable tool for identifying patients with sensitive skin and gaining a comprehensive understanding of their skin sensitivity. The skin characteristics of two groups were compared using a more suitable classification method.
RESULTS: Individuals diagnosed with sensitive skin typically have skin tones classified as Types I, II and III, with Type I being the most common in sensitive skin cases. The sensitive group exhibited higher levels of transepidermal water loss, lighter skin tone, lower yellowness, increased glossiness, higher haemoglobin content, more acne, fewer blackheads, and fewer pores. Among them, Type I skin is characterized by lower elasticity, increased oiliness, higher hydration levels and fewer visible pores. Type II skin is characterized by lower hydration levels, higher oiliness and increased redness. Type III exhibits more pores, decreased oiliness and enhanced elasticity. Foundations No. 2 and No. 3 are fairer than foundations No. 1 and No. 4. In the self-assessment, Type I and Type II subjects preferred No. 3, while Type III subjects preferred No. 1 and No. 4 because they matched their skin tone. The results of the software evaluation showed that popular aesthetics preferred Type I and Type II to use No. 2, and Type III to use No. 2 and No. 3, as they resulted in a fairer complexion.
CONCLUSIONS: Sensitive skin of different skin tone types confronts different skin problems. The findings also highlight the public\'s inclination towards lighter foundation shades, despite the common practice of selecting shades that harmonize with one\'s inherent skin tone.
OBJECTIVE: Nous avons mené une étude sur des femmes à la peau sensible de différentes carnations afin d\'analyser les caractéristiques de leur peau et leurs préférences en matière de teintes de fond de teint. MÉTHODES: Les volontaires ont été classées en fonction de leur angle typologique individuel et leurs préférences ont été évaluées à l\'aide d\'une auto‐perception et d\'une évaluation esthétique de masse basée sur un logiciel. Le questionnaire de Baumann est un outil précieux pour identifier les patients à la peau sensible et obtenir une compréhension globale de leur sensibilité cutanée. Les caractéristiques cutanées de deux groupes ont été comparées à l\'aide d\'une méthode de classification plus appropriée. RÉSULTATS: Les personnes chez qui l\'on a diagnostiqué une peau sensible ont généralement des teintes de peau classées en types I, II et III, le type I étant le plus courant dans les cas de peau sensible. Le groupe sensible présente des niveaux plus élevés de perte d\'eau transépidermique, un teint plus clair, une couleur moins jaune, une brillance accrue, une teneur en hémoglobine plus élevée, plus d\'acné, moins de points noirs et moins de pores. Parmi eux, la peau de type I se caractérise par une élasticité plus faible, un taux de sébum plus élevé, des niveaux d\'hydratation plus élevés et moins de pores visibles. La peau de type II se caractérise par des niveaux d\'hydratation plus faibles, un taux de sébum plus élevé et des rougeurs plus importantes. Le type III présente plus de pores, une diminution de l\'aspect gras et une meilleure élasticité. Les fonds de teint n° 2 et n° 3 sont plus clairs que les fonds de teint n° 1 et n° 4. Lors de l\'auto‐évaluation, les sujets des types I et II ont préféré le fond de teint n° 3, tandis que les sujets du type III ont préféré le fond de teint n° 1 et le fond de teint n° 4 parce qu\'ils correspondaient à leur carnation. Les résultats de l\'évaluation du logiciel ont montré que l\'esthétique populaire préférait que les sujets de type I et de type II utilisent le n° 2, et que les sujets de type III utilisent le n° 2 et le n° 3, car ils donnaient un teint plus clair.
CONCLUSIONS: Les peaux sensibles de différents types de carnation sont confrontées à des problèmes cutanés différents. Les résultats mettent également en évidence le penchant du public pour les teintes de fond de teint plus claires, malgré la pratique courante consistant à choisir des teintes qui s\'harmonisent avec le teint inhérent à la peau.

BACKGROUND: Chemical exfoliation of the skin is a frequently utilized treatment in dermatology to improve the appearance and health of photoaged skin. Photodamaged skin is especially prone to dryness and irritation. Over-exfoliation with at-home products are partially to blame for the \"epidemic\" of sensitive skin affecting over half the population. Combining AHA, BHA, and PHA together creates a complementary blend that has the potential to target numerous age-related changes in the skin including the appearance of pores and smoothing skin texture, while firming skin and increasing its collagen and moisture content.
OBJECTIVE: The following study tested the clinical efficacy of a triple acid blend designed specifically for sensitive skin and measured improvements in signs of photodamage and hydration levels in the skin over time.
METHODS: Thirty females aged 35-60 with mild to moderate facial lines, wrinkles, sun damage, uneven skin tone/texture, dark spots, or pores were enrolled. Subjects were instructed to use the test article, DWB-EN, on a clean face at night 3 times weekly with 48 h between applications for 4 weeks.
RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were noted in all parameters of photoaging clinical assessments (wrinkles, pores, overall appearance, luminosity, visible texture, skin tone evenness, hyperpigmentation) at the end of the 4-week study period. There were no instances of skin irritation throughout the duration of this study despite half of the women having sensitive skin.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study demonstrated the clinical efficacy and tolerability of DWB-EN for treating photoaging in subjects with all skin types.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris, a common chronic dermatological condition worldwide, is associated with inflammatory response and Cutibacterium acnes. Individuals with acne vulgaris and sensitive skin have limited suitable treatments due to the skin irritation and side effects exhibited by current hydroxy acidic medications.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Guaiacum officinale (GO) and Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (RT) extracts for treating acne vulgaris on sensitive skin by inhibiting inflammation.
METHODS: The phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of GO and RT extracts were determined in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, a 28-day clinical trial was conducted involving 30 subjects with both sensitive skin and acne to evaluate the efficacy and subjects\' satisfaction.
RESULTS: Total phenolics and flavonoids were detected in GO and RT extracts, the IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging were 6.15 wt% and 0.76 wt%, respectively. The combination of GO and RT extracts at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio significantly decreased the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4, as well as the secretion of IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α in PGN-induced HaCaT cells, by 2.30-7.93 times compared to GO extract alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cream containing 5 wt% the combination significantly improved facial acne and redness (p < 0.05). The number of comedones decreased by 50.00% and papules by 30.65% after 28 days of application. No adverse events were reported and 96.67% of the subjects were satisfied with the treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of the GO and RT extracts in synergistically suppressing inflammation, improving acne vulgaris, and reducing redness. The study offers an effective and non-irritant treatment for acne vulgaris in individuals with sensitive skin.

BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin is hypersensitive to various external stimuli and a defective epidermal permeability barrier is an important clinical feature of sensitive skin. Claudin-5 (CLDN5) expression levels decrease in sensitive skin. This study aimed to explore the impact of CLDN5 deficiency on the permeability barrier in sensitive skin and the regulatory role of miRNAs in CLDN5 expression.
METHODS: A total of 26 patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the CLDN5 expression and permeability barrier dysfunction in vitro were assessed. Then miRNA-224-5p expression was also assessed in sensitive skin.
RESULTS: Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed reduced CLDN5 expression, increased miR-224-5p expression, and disrupted intercellular junctions in sensitive skin. CLDN5 knockdown was associated with lower transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Lucifer yellow penetration in keratinocytes and organotypic skin models. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results indicated elevated miR-224-5p expression in sensitive skin; MiR-224-5p directly interacted with the 3`UTR of CLDN5, resulting in CLDN5 deficiency in the luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR-224-5p reduced TEER in keratinocyte cultures.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the miR-224-5p-induced reduction in CLDN5 expression leads to impaired permeability barrier function, and that miR-224-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for sensitive skin.

BACKGROUND: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is associated with skin sensitivity and mainly activated by capsaicin and heat. Interestingly, troxerutin can inhibit TRPV1 activation. However, its efficacy in reducing skin sensitivity remains undetermined.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy of troxerutin in alleviating skin sensitivity using clinical tests and in vitro experiments.
METHODS: For the in vitro experiment, HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of troxerutin, followed by incubation with 50 μM capsaicin for 1, 24, or 48 h. The gene and protein expressions of four inflammatory cytokines involved in skin irritation were determined. Among 35 Korean women with sensitive skin recruited for the clinical trial, 13 were involved in assessing the immediate soothing effects of 0.1% and 0.0095% troxerutin following capsaicin irritation, whereas 22 participated in evaluating the preventive soothing effect of 10% and 1% troxerutin over 4 weeks against capsaicin- and heat-induced irritation. We evaluated the soothing rate using skin redness, visual analog scale, and high temperature sensitive index as evaluation indices.
RESULTS: Troxerutin inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of cytokines in capsaicin-treated keratinocytes. In the clinical study, 0.1% and 0.0095% troxerutin promptly alleviated capsaicin-induced skin redness, whereas 10% troxerutin notably decreased both the visual analog scale and high temperature sensitive index for capsaicin- and heat-related irritation. However, 1% troxerutin was only effective in reducing the visual analog scale in response to capsaicin irritation.
CONCLUSIONS: Troxerutin can inhibit TRPV1 activation in clinical and in vitro tests.

Rinse-off cosmetic products, primarily shampoos, are frequently implicated in the onset of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by alkyl glucosides (AGs). AGs are increasingly popular surfactants and known contact allergens. Glucoside-induced ACD was most frequently observed with shampoos and skin-cleansing products in both consumer and occupational settings. Thereby, studies have shown that atopic individuals are the most susceptible to ACD. Also, several investigations have indicated that individuals with sensitive skin might be more prone to skin allergies. This is why the presence of AGs was investigated in shampoos and body cleansers marketed as hypoallergenic or for sensitive skin. For this purpose, the website of Amazon.com was surveyed. Four groups of cosmetics were obtained by using the following keywords: \"hypoallergenic shampoo for adults,\" \"sensitive skin shampoo for adults,\" \"hypoallergenic body cleanser for adults,\" and \"sensitive skin body cleanser for adults.\" The first 30 best-selling cosmetics in each group were investigated for the presence of AGs, by analyzing the product information pages. The results showed that as much as 56.7% of hypoallergenic shampoos contained AGs, as ingredients, whereas the percentage was somewhat lower for other product categories. Even though decyl and lauryl glucoside were nearly ubiquitously used AGs in cosmetics over the past decade, the most commonly present AG in our analysis was coco-glucoside. The results of this study indicated a necessity to include coco-glucoside in the baseline series of patch testing allergens. Industry, regulators, and healthcare providers should be made aware of the frequent presence of AGs in rinse-off cosmetic products marketed as hypoallergenic or for sensitive skin to ensure the safety and well-being of consumers and patients.