■估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)是早期检测高血压介导的器官损伤(HMOD)的不敏感的生物标志物。在这项全国性的横断面研究中,我们评估了健康人和高血压患者早期HMOD的潜在生物标志物.我们假设,生物标志物的血浆水平:(1)在健康对照和高血压患者之间是不同的,(2):可以根据高血压的严重程度对高血压患者进行分类。
■从一项多中心研究中选择处方为≥2种降压药物的高血压患者。从正在进行的活体肾供体候选者的研究中选择健康对照。未控制的高血压定义为收缩期日间动态血压≥135mmHg。肾脏HMOD定义为ACR>3.0mg/mmol或eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2。高血压患者分为三组:(1)控制性高血压;(2)无肾脏HMOD的不受控制的高血压;(3)有肾脏HMOD的不受控制的高血压。使用基于Luminex珠的免疫测定法分析了15种生物标志物,9个落在规定的分析范围内。
■白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(IL-1RA)的血浆水平,中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和尿调蛋白在健康对照组(n=39)和高血压患者(n=176)之间有显著差异.在回归模型中,以控制性高血压(n=55)为参考类别,没有生物标志物与未控制的高血压(n=59)和(n=62)肾脏HMOD相关。在调整了心血管危险因素和eGFR的模型中,骨桥蛋白(OPN)与无肾脏HMOD的未控制高血压有关(比值比(OR)1.77(1.05-2.98),p=0.03),并在激活正常T细胞表达和分泌(RANTES)时受到调节,高血压不受肾脏HMOD(OR0.57(0.34-0.95),p=0.03)。
■当考虑已确定的危险因素时,没有生物标志物可以区分我们的高血压组。血浆OPN可以识别患有不受控制的高血压的患者有肾脏HMOD的风险。
背景是什么?为了定制个性化的高血压治疗,必须进行心血管疾病(CVD)的风险评估.这包括对已建立的高血压介导的器官损伤(HMOD)的评估,如肾损害的存在和相关的危险因素。今天,通过血液和尿液样本评估肾功能。然而,在预防可能最有效的阶段,今天的血液和尿液样本不够敏感,无法捕获由于高血压引起的肾脏损害。什么是新的?在这项研究中,我们评估了与内皮细胞和肾细胞病理学相关的生物标志物的血浆水平,健康患者和高血压患者的炎症和纤维化。我们假设血浆生物标志物水平可以区分不同程度的高血压严重程度。健康对照具有较低的白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(IL-1RA)和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平,但与高血压患者相比,尿调节蛋白更高。除骨桥蛋白(OPN)外,所有生物标志物在各研究组中的中位生物标志物水平均呈现显著趋势.然而,随着高血压严重程度的增加,血浆OPN中位数水平也上升.在考虑确定的危险因素后,没有一个生物标志物可以一致地区分高血压严重程度组。然而,OPN可能是高血压肾损害的早期生物标志物。对高血压患者早期发现器官损害的生物标志物可指导针对性治疗。血浆OPN可能有潜力识别那些有高血压肾损害风险的人。然而,研究的生物标志物缺乏对高血压严重程度水平的一致区分.
UNASSIGNED: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are insensitive biomarkers for early detection of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we assessed potential biomarkers for early HMOD in healthy persons and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers: (1) are different between healthy controls and patients with hypertension, (2): can classify patients with hypertension according to the degree of hypertension severity.
UNASSIGNED: Patients with hypertension prescribed ≥2 antihypertensive agents were selected from a multicentre study. Healthy controls were selected from an ongoing study of living kidney donor candidates. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure ≥135 mmHg. Kidney HMOD was defined by ACR > 3.0 mg/mmol or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with hypertension were categorised into three groups: (1) controlled hypertension; (2) uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD; (3) uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD. Fifteen biomarkers were analysed using a Luminex bead-based immunoassay, and nine fell within the specified analytical range.
UNASSIGNED: Plasma levels of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uromodulin were significantly different between healthy controls (n = 39) and patients with hypertension (n = 176). In regression models, with controlled hypertension (n = 55) as the reference category, none of the biomarkers were associated with uncontrolled hypertension without (n = 59) and with (n = 62) kidney HMOD. In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR, osteopontin (OPN) was associated with uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD (odds ratio (OR) 1.77 (1.05-2.98), p = 0.03), and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) with uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD (OR 0.57 (0.34-0.95), p = 0.03).
UNASSIGNED: None of the biomarkers could differentiate our hypertension groups when established risk factors were considered. Plasma OPN may identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension at risk for kidney HMOD.
What is the context? In order to tailor individualised hypertension treatment, a risk assessment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) must be performed. This includes evaluation of established hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), such as the presence of kidney damage and associated risk factors. Today, kidney function is assessed by blood and urine samples. However, today’s blood and urine samples are not sensitive enough to capture kidney damage due to hypertension at a stage when prevention may be most effective.What is new? In this study, we evaluated plasma levels of biomarkers related to endothelial and kidney cell pathology, inflammation and fibrosis in healthy patients and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers could differentiate between different degrees of hypertension severity.Healthy controls had lower Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, but higher uromodulin compared to patients with hypertension. Except for osteopontin (OPN), all biomarkers showed significant trends in median biomarker levels across study groups. However, as hypertension severity increased, the median plasma OPN levels also rose. None of the biomarker could consistently differentiate the hypertension severity groups after considering established risk factors. However, OPN may be an early biomarker for kidney damage in hypertension.What is the impact? Biomarkers for early detection of organ damage in hypertension may guide targeted treatment. Plasma OPN may have potential to identify those at risk for hypertensive kidney damage. However, the studied biomarkers lack consistent discrimination across hypertension severity levels.