目的:建立锦鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)的超声心动图技术,比较手动约束和麻醉下的心肺参数,并提供大体解剖和组织学心脏描述。
方法:随机,交叉超声心动图研究在40名临床健康的成年人中进行,未知性别,2021年5月10日和11日至6月26日和27日的私人鲤鱼。超声心动图检查在手动约束下和50ppm的异丁香酚下的每个锦葵,每次由放射科医生和心脏病专家进行3次测量。对两个锦松进行安乐死,以进行大体解剖和组织学心脏评估。
结果:平均射血分数(EF),每搏输出量(SV),心输出量(CO)明显降低,平均心率(HR)明显更高,与手动约束的锦鲤相比,麻醉的手术率(OPR)显着降低。观察到EF和SV的再现性差。
结论:超声心动图在手动约束和麻醉锦鲤中均可行;然而,由于重现性低,该技术最好应用于监测单个鱼类随时间的趋势。多个心肺参数的显著差异,包括HR,EF,SV,CO,OPR,存在于手动约束和麻醉的锦鲤之间。提供了该物种的总体解剖和组织学心脏描述,以与超声心动图图像配对。
结论:本研究首次描述了超声心动图,心脏大体解剖,和组织学。结果支持超声心动图作为一种安全实用的无创诊断方法,可在手动约束和麻醉下对锦松进行心脏评估。
OBJECTIVE: To establish an echocardiographic technique in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), compare cardiopulmonary parameters under manual restraint versus anesthesia, and provide a gross anatomical and histologic cardiac description.
METHODS: A randomized, crossover echocardiography study was performed in 40 clinically healthy adult, unknown sex, privately owned koi carp on May 10 and 11 through June 26 and 27, 2021. Echocardiography was examined for each koi under manual restraint and
isoeugenol at 50 ppm, with 3 measurements per examination performed by a radiologist and cardiologist. Two koi were euthanized for gross anatomic and histologic cardiac evaluation.
RESULTS: Mean ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were significantly lower, mean heart rate (HR) was significantly higher, and opercular rate (OPR) was decreased significantly in anesthetized compared to manually restrained koi. Poor reproducibility for EF and SV was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography was feasible in both manually restrained and anesthetized koi; however, this technique may best be applied to monitoring trends over time in individual fish due to low reproducibility. Significant differences in multiple cardiopulmonary parameters, including HR, EF, SV, CO, and OPR, were present between manually restrained and anesthetized koi. A gross anatomic and histologic cardiac description is provided for this species to pair with the echocardiographic images.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first description of echocardiography, cardiac gross anatomy, and histology in koi. The results support echocardiography as a safe and practical noninvasive diagnostic for cardiac assessment in koi under both manual restraint and anesthesia.